CODEWITHSUNDEEP
bashenvironment-variables
MartyMacGyver
MartyMacGyver

Reputation: 10093

Setting an environment variable before a command in Bash is not working for the second command in a pipe

In a given shell, normally I'd set a variable or variables and then run a command. Recently I learned about the concept of prepending a variable definition to a command:

FOO=bar somecommand someargs

This works... kind of. It doesn't work when you're changing a LC_* variable (which seems to affect the command, but not its arguments, for example, [a-z] char ranges) or when piping output to another command thusly:

FOO=bar somecommand someargs | somecommand2  # somecommand2 is unaware of FOO

I can prepend somecommand2 with FOO=bar as well, which works, but which adds unwanted duplication, and it doesn't help with arguments that are interpreted depending on the variable (for example, [a-z]).

So, what's a good way to do this on a single line?

I'm thinking something on the order of:

FOO=bar (somecommand someargs | somecommand2)  # Doesn't actually work

I got lots of good answers! The goal is to keep this a one-liner, preferably without using export. The method using a call to Bash was best overall, though the parenthetical version with export in it was a little more compact. The method of using redirection rather than a pipe is interesting as well.

Upvotes: 598

Views: 518736

Answers (7)

fflores
fflores

Reputation: 442

some_var="some_value" && echo "${some_var}"

Also works. It is similar to:

some_var="some_value"; echo "${some_var}"

Upvotes: 2

benjimin
benjimin

Reputation: 4890

Use env.

For example, env FOO=BAR command. Note that the environment variables will be restored/unchanged again when command finishes executing.

Just be careful about shell substitution happening, i.e. if you want to reference $FOO explicitly on the same command line, you may need to escape it so that your shell interpreter doesn't perform the substitution before it runs env.

$ export FOO=BAR
$ env FOO=FUBAR bash -c 'echo $FOO'
FUBAR
$ echo $FOO
BAR

Upvotes: 91

0xC0000022L
0xC0000022L

Reputation: 21269

How about exporting the variable, but only inside the subshell?:

(export FOO=bar && somecommand someargs | somecommand2)

Keith has a point, to unconditionally execute the commands, do this:

(export FOO=bar; somecommand someargs | somecommand2)

Upvotes: 342

Akhil
Akhil

Reputation: 1040

A simple approach is to make use of ;

For example:

ENV=prod; ansible-playbook -i inventories/$ENV --extra-vars "env=$ENV"  deauthorize_users.yml --check

command1; command2 executes command2 after executing command1, sequentially. It does not matter whether the commands were successful or not.

Upvotes: 30

Spencer Rathbun
Spencer Rathbun

Reputation: 14900

Use a shell script:

#!/bin/bash
# myscript
FOO=bar
somecommand someargs | somecommand2

> ./myscript

Upvotes: -8

gniourf_gniourf
gniourf_gniourf

Reputation: 46823

You can also use eval:

FOO=bar eval 'somecommand someargs | somecommand2'

Since this answer with eval doesn't seem to please everyone, let me clarify something: when used as written, with the single quotes, it is perfectly safe. It is good as it will not launch an external process (like the accepted answer) nor will it execute the commands in an extra subshell (like the other answer).

As we get a few regular views, it's probably good to give an alternative to eval that will please everyone, and has all the benefits (and perhaps even more!) of this quick eval “trick”. Just use a function! Define a function with all your commands:

mypipe() {
    somecommand someargs | somecommand2
}

and execute it with your environment variables like this:

FOO=bar mypipe

Upvotes: 64

Dennis Williamson
Dennis Williamson

Reputation: 360075

FOO=bar bash -c 'somecommand someargs | somecommand2'

Upvotes: 505

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