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javascriptarrays
Celeritas
Celeritas

Reputation: 15091

What is the way of declaring an array in JavaScript?

I'm just learning JavaScript and it seems like there are a number of ways to declare arrays.

  1. var myArray = new Array()
  2. var myArray = new Array(3)
  3. var myArray = ["apples", "bananas", "oranges"]
  4. var myArray = [3]

What are their difference, and what are the preferred ways?

According to this website the following two lines are very different:

var badArray = new Array(10); // creates an empty Array that's sized for 10 elements
var goodArray= [10];          // creates an Array with 10 as the first element

As you can see these two lines do two very different things. If you had wanted to add more than one item then badArray would be initialized correctly since Javascript would then be smart enough to know that you were initializing the array instead of stating how many elements you wanted to add.

Is what the authors trying to say is Array(10) creates an array with precisely 10 elements and [10] creates an array of undefined size with the 0th element being 10? Or what does this mean?

Upvotes: 54

Views: 179736

Answers (6)

LiamTran
LiamTran

Reputation: 51

You can declare like this

const [alice, bob] = [1, 2]

console.log(alice) // 1
console.log(bob) // 2

Upvotes: -1

Zack
Zack

Reputation: 131

To declare it:

var myArr = ["apples", "oranges", "bananas"];

To use it:

document.write("In my shopping basket I have " + myArr[0] + ", " + myArr[1] + ", and " + myArr[2]);

Upvotes: 13

Deepak
Deepak

Reputation: 89

There are a number of ways to create arrays.

The traditional way of declaring and initializing an array looks like this:

var a = new Array(5); // declare an array "a", of size 5
a = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];  // initialize each of the array's elements to 0

Or...

// declare and initialize an array in a single statement
var a = new Array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);

Upvotes: 8

kennebec
kennebec

Reputation: 104850

If you are creating an array whose main feature is it's length, rather than the value of each index, defining an array as var a=Array(length); is appropriate.

eg-

String.prototype.repeat= function(n){
    n= n || 1;
    return Array(n+1).join(this);
}

Upvotes: 0

gen_Eric
gen_Eric

Reputation: 227310

In your first example, you are making a blank array, same as doing var x = []. The 2nd example makes an array of size 3 (with all elements undefined). The 3rd and 4th examples are the same, they both make arrays with those elements.

Be careful when using new Array().

var x = new Array(10); // array of size 10, all elements undefined
var y = new Array(10, 5); // array of size 2: [10, 5]

The preferred way is using the [] syntax.

var x = []; // array of size 0
var y = [10] // array of size 1: [1]

var z = []; // array of size 0
z[2] = 12;  // z is now size 3: [undefined, undefined, 12]

Upvotes: 36

user1479055
user1479055

Reputation:

The preferred way is to always use the literal syntax with square brackets; its behaviour is predictable for any number of items, unlike Array's. What's more, Array is not a keyword, and although it is not a realistic situation, someone could easily overwrite it:

function Array() { return []; }

alert(Array(1, 2, 3)); // An empty alert box

However, the larger issue is that of consistency. Someone refactoring code could come across this function:

function fetchValue(n) {
    var arr = new Array(1, 2, 3);

    return arr[n];
}

As it turns out, only fetchValue(0) is ever needed, so the programmer drops the other elements and breaks the code, because it now returns undefined:

var arr = new Array(1);

Upvotes: 19

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