Add n business days to a given date ignoring holidays and weekends in python

Question

I'm trying to add n (integer) working days to a given date, the date addition has to avoid the holidays and weekends (it's not included in the working days)

Answer 1

My solution would be to use pandas and its built in ability to recognize business days and create holidays.

For just business days, this would be the most succinct answer:

from pandas.tseries.offsets import BDay
import datetime as dt

business_days = 2
dt.date.today() + BDay(business_days)

In order to include holidays, you would have to make your own calendar, or you can use the USFederalHolidayCalendar which is where most of the days in the next block come from. To see all holidays in that calendar, run USFederalHolidayCalendar().rules:

from pandas.tseries.holiday import (
    AbstractHolidayCalendar, Holiday, USFederalHolidayCalendar,
    nearest_workday, MO)

from pandas.tseries.offsets Easter, Day

class OwnCalendar(AbstractHolidayCalendar):

    rules = [
        Holiday('MLK', month=1, day=1, offset=pd.DateOffset(weekday=MO(3))),
        Holiday("Good Friday", month=1, day=1, offset=[Easter(), Day(-2)]),
        Holiday("Easter Monday", month=1, day=1, offset=[Easter(), Day(1)]),
        Holiday('Special Holiday 1', month=5, day=5),
        Holiday('Special Holiday 2', month=6, day=6),
        Holiday('Juneteenth', month=6, day=19, observance=nearest_workday),
    ]

We can also add time ranges, as many schools/businesses observe multi-day winter/spring breaks:

import pandas as pd

winter = pd.date_range('2024-12-23','2025-01-05').to_list()
spring = pd.date_range('2025-03-10','2025-03-14').to_list()
breaks = winter+spring

You can then create a CustomBusinessDay class that recognizes both business days and holidays in order to perform the calculation:

from pandas.tseries.offsets import CustomBusinessDay
import datetime as dt


my_cbd = CustomBusinessDay(calendar=OwnCalendar(), holidays=breaks)

def add_business_days(date):
    new_date = date + (business_days * my_cbd)
    return new_date

#demo
print(add_business_days(dt.date.today(),5))

Answer 2

I am using following code to handle business date delta. For holidays, you need to create your own list to skip.

today = datetime.now()
t_1 = today - BDay(1)
t_5 = today - BDay(5)
t_1_str = datetime.strftime(t_1, "%Y%m%d")

Answer 3

Similar to @omz, but allows days to be added and subtracted

import datetime as dt
import operator


def add_weekdays(start_date: dt.date | dt.datetime, days: int) -> dt.date | dt.datetime:
    op = operator.sub if days < 0 else operator.add
    days_moved, end_date = 0, start_date

    while days_moved < abs(days):
        end_date = op(end_date, dt.timedelta(days=1))

        if end_date.isoweekday() < 6:
            days_moved += 1

    return end_date

Answer 4

Use numpy (you can skip holidays too):

np.busday_offset(
    np.datetime64('2022-12-08'),
    offsets=range(12),
    roll='following',
    weekmask="1111100",
    holidays=[])

Result:

array(['2022-12-08', '2022-12-09', '2022-12-12', '2022-12-13',
       '2022-12-14', '2022-12-15', '2022-12-16', '2022-12-19',
       '2022-12-20', '2022-12-21', '2022-12-22', '2022-12-23'],
      dtype='datetime64[D]')

Answer 5

Refactoring omz code, and using holidays package, this is what I use to add business days taking into account the country's holidays

import datetime
import holidays


def today_is_holiday(date):
    isHoliday = date.date() in [key for key in holidays.EN(years = date.year).keys()]
    isWeekend = date.weekday() >= 5
    return isWeekend or isHoliday


def date_by_adding_business_days(from_date, add_days):
    business_days_to_add = add_days
    current_date = from_date
    while business_days_to_add > 0:
        current_date += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        if today_is_holiday(current_date):
            continue
        business_days_to_add -= 1
    return current_date

Answer 6

This is the best solution because it has O(1) complexity (no loop) and no 3-rd party, but it does not take into account the holidays:

 def add_working_days_to_date(self, start_date, days_to_add):
    from datetime import timedelta
    start_weekday = start_date.weekday()

    # first week
    total_days = start_weekday + days_to_add
    if total_days < 5:
        return start_date + timedelta(days=total_days)
    else:
        # first week
        total_days = 7 - start_weekday
        days_to_add -= 5 - start_weekday

        # middle whole weeks
        whole_weeks = days_to_add // 5
        remaining_days = days_to_add % 5
        total_days += whole_weeks * 7
        days_to_add -= whole_weeks * 5

        # last week
        total_days += remaining_days

        return start_date + timedelta(days=total_days)

Even though this does not fully solves your problem, I wanted to let it here because the solutions found on the internet for adding working days to dates, all of them have O(n) complexity.

Keep in mind that, if you want to add 500 days to a date, you will go through a loop and make the same set of computations 500 times. The above approach operates in the same amount of time, no matter how many days you have.

This was heavily tested.

Answer 7

If you are interested in using NumPy, then you can follow the solution below:

import numpy as np
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

def get_future_date_excluding_weekends(date,no_of_days):
 """This methods return future date by adding given number of days excluding 
  weekends"""
  future_date = date + timedelta(no_of_days)
  no_of_busy_days = int(np.busday_count(date.date(),future_date.date()))
  if no_of_busy_days != no_of_days:
    extend_future_date_by = no_of_days - no_of_busy_days
    future_date = future_date + timedelta(extend_future_date_by)
  return future_date

Answer 8

I know it does not handle holidays, but I found this solution more helpful because it is constant in time. It consists of counting the number of whole weeks, adding holidays is a little more complex. I hope it can help somebody :)

def add_days(days):
    today = datetime.date.today()
    weekday = today.weekday() + ceil(days)
    complete_weeks = weekday // 7
    added_days = weekday + complete_weeks * 2
    return today + datetime.timedelta(days=added_days)

Answer 9

similar to @omz solution but recursively:

def add_days_skipping_weekends(start_date, days):
    if not days:
        return start_date
    start_date += timedelta(days=1)
    if start_date.weekday() < 5:
        days -= 1
    return add_days_skipping_weekends(start_date, days)

Answer 10

If someone needs to add/substract days, extending @omz's answer:

def add_business_days(from_date, ndays):
    business_days_to_add = abs(ndays)
    current_date = from_date
    sign = ndays/abs(ndays)
    while business_days_to_add > 0:
        current_date += datetime.timedelta(sign * 1)
        weekday = current_date.weekday()
        if weekday >= 5: # sunday = 6
            continue
        business_days_to_add -= 1
    return current_date

Answer 11

Hope this helps. It's not O(N) but O(holidays). Also, holidays only works when the offset is positive.

def add_working_days(start, working_days, holidays=()):
    """
    Add working_days to start start date , skipping weekends and holidays.

    :param start: the date to start from
    :type start: datetime.datetime|datetime.date
    :param working_days: offset in working days you want to add (can be negative)
    :type working_days: int
    :param holidays: iterator of datetime.datetime of datetime.date instances
    :type holidays: iter(datetime.date|datetime.datetime)
    :return: the new date wroking_days date from now
    :rtype: datetime.datetime
    :raise:
        ValueError if working_days < 0  and holidays 
    """
    assert isinstance(start, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime)), 'start should be a datetime instance'
    assert isinstance(working_days, int)
    if working_days < 0 and holidays:
        raise ValueError('Holidays and a negative offset is not implemented. ')
    if working_days  == 0:
        return start
    # first just add the days
    new_date = start + datetime.timedelta(working_days)
    # now compensate for the weekends.
    # the days is 2 times plus the amount of weeks are included in the offset added to the day of the week
    # from the start. This compensates for adding 1 to a friday because 4+1 // 5 = 1
    new_date += datetime.timedelta(2 * ((working_days + start.weekday()) // 5))
    # now compensate for the holidays
    # process only the relevant dates so order the list and abort the handling when the holiday is no longer
    # relevant. Check each holiday not being in a weekend, otherwise we don't mind because we skip them anyway
    # next, if a holiday is found, just add 1 to the date, using the add_working_days function to compensate for
    # weekends. Don't pass the holiday to avoid recursion more then 1 call deep.
    for hday in sorted(holidays):
        if hday < start:
            # ignore holidays before start, we don't care
            continue
        if hday.weekday() > 4:
            # skip holidays in weekends
            continue
        if hday <= new_date:
            # only work with holidays up to and including the current new_date.
            # increment using recursion to compensate for weekends
            new_date = add_working_days(new_date, 1)
        else:
            break
    return new_date

Answer 12

I wanted a solution that wasn't O(N) and it looked like a fun bit of code golf. Here's what I banged out in case anyone's interested. Works for positive and negative numbers. Let me know if I missed anything.

def add_business_days(d, business_days_to_add):
    num_whole_weeks  = business_days_to_add / 5
    extra_days       = num_whole_weeks * 2

    first_weekday    = d.weekday()
    remainder_days   = business_days_to_add % 5

    natural_day      = first_weekday + remainder_days
    if natural_day > 4:
        if first_weekday == 5:
            extra_days += 1
        elif first_weekday != 6:
            extra_days += 2

    return d + timedelta(business_days_to_add + extra_days)

Answer 13

If you don't mind using a 3rd party library then dateutil is handy

from dateutil.rrule import *
print "In 4 business days, it's", rrule(DAILY, byweekday=(MO,TU,WE,TH,FR))[4]

You can also look at rruleset and using .exdate() to provide the holidays to skip those in the calculation, and optionally there's a cache option to avoid re-calculating that might be worth looking in to.

Answer 14

Thanks based on omz code i made some little changes ...it maybe helpful for other users:

import datetime
def date_by_adding_business_days(from_date, add_days,holidays):
    business_days_to_add = add_days
    current_date = from_date
    while business_days_to_add > 0:
        current_date += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        weekday = current_date.weekday()
        if weekday >= 5: # sunday = 6
            continue
        if current_date in holidays:
            continue
        business_days_to_add -= 1
    return current_date

#demo:
Holidays =[datetime.datetime(2012,10,3),datetime.datetime(2012,10,4)]
print date_by_adding_business_days(datetime.datetime(2012,10,2), 10,Holidays)

Answer 15

Skipping weekends would be pretty easy doing something like this:

import datetime
def date_by_adding_business_days(from_date, add_days):
    business_days_to_add = add_days
    current_date = from_date
    while business_days_to_add > 0:
        current_date += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        weekday = current_date.weekday()
        if weekday >= 5: # sunday = 6
            continue
        business_days_to_add -= 1
    return current_date

#demo:
print '10 business days from today:'
print date_by_adding_business_days(datetime.date.today(), 10)

The problem with holidays is that they vary a lot by country or even by region, religion, etc. You would need a list/set of holidays for your use case and then skip them in a similar way. A starting point may be the calendar feed that Apple publishes for iCal (in the ics format), the one for the US would be http://files.apple.com/calendars/US32Holidays.ics

You could use the icalendar module to parse this.

Answer 16

There is no real shortcut to do this. Try this approach:

1. Create a class which has a method skip(self, d) which returns True for dates that should be skipped.
2. Create a dictionary in the class which contains all holidays as date objects. Don't use datetime or similar because the fractions of a day will kill you.
3. Return True for any date that is in the dictionary or d.weekday() >= 5

To add N days, use this method:

def advance(d, days):
    delta = datetime.timedelta(1)

    for x in range(days):
        d = d + delta
        while holidayHelper.skip(d):
            d = d + delta

    return d

Answer 17

This will take some work since there isn't any defined construct for holidays in any library (by my knowledge at least). You will need to create your own enumeration of those.

Checking for weekend days is done easily by calling .weekday() < 6 on your datetime object.