CODEWITHSUNDEEP
linuxshellubuntu
Harikrishnan
Harikrishnan

Reputation: 8065

Merge multiple JPGs into single PDF in Linux

I used the following command to convert and merge all the JPG files in a directory to a single PDF file:

convert *.jpg file.pdf

The files in the directory are numbered from 1.jpg to 123.jpg. The conversion went fine but after converting, the pages were all mixed up. I wanted the PDF to have pages from 1.jpg to 123.jpg in the same order as they are named. I tried it with the following command as well:

cd 1
FILES=$( find . -type f -name "*jpg" | cut -d/ -f 2)
mkdir temp && cd temp
for file in $FILES; do
    BASE=$(echo $file | sed 's/.jpg//g');
    convert ../$BASE.jpg $BASE.pdf;
    done && 
pdftk *pdf cat output ../1.pdf &&
cd ..
rm -rf temp

But still no luck. Operating system is Linux.

Upvotes: 123

Views: 110146

Answers (9)

Felix Defrance
Felix Defrance

Reputation: 1891

From the manual of ls:

-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text

So, doing what we need in a single command:

convert $(ls -v *.jpg) foobar.pdf

Mind that convert is part of ImageMagick.

Upvotes: 189

Robert Fleming
Robert Fleming

Reputation: 1407

https://gitlab.mister-muffin.de/josch/img2pdf

In all of the proposed solutions involving ImageMagick, the JPEG data gets fully decoded and re-encoded. This results in generation loss, as well as performance "ten to hundred" times worse than img2pdf.

img2pdf is also available from many Linux distros, as well as via pip3.

Upvotes: 3

S.Doe_Dude
S.Doe_Dude

Reputation: 191

Combining Felix Defrance's and Delan Azabani's answer(from above):

convert `for file in $FILES; do echo $file; done` test_2.pdf

Upvotes: -1

Shahriar Zaman
Shahriar Zaman

Reputation: 938

How to create A PDF document from a list of images

Step 1: Install parallel from Repository. This will speed up the process

Step 2: Convert each jpg to pdf file

find -iname "*.JPG" | sort -V | parallel -I'{}' convert -compress jpeg -quality 25 {} {}.pdf

The sort -V will sort the file names in natural order.

Step 3: Merge all PDFs into one

pdfunite $(find -iname '*.pdf' | sort -V) output_document.pdf

Credit Gregor Sturm

Upvotes: -1

Gregor Sturm
Gregor Sturm

Reputation: 2910

All of the above answers failed for me, when I wanted to merge many high-resolution jpeg images (from a scanned book).

Imagemagick tried to load all files into RAM, I therefore used the following two-step approach:

find -iname "*.JPG" | xargs -I'{}' convert {} {}.pdf
pdfunite *.pdf merged_file.pdf

Note that with this approach, you can also use GNU parallel to speed up the conversion: 

find -iname "*.JPG" | parallel -I'{}' convert {} {}.pdf

Upvotes: 5

Lukas
Lukas

Reputation: 151

You could use

convert '%d.jpg[1-132]' file.pdf

via https://www.imagemagick.org/script/command-line-processing.php:

Another method of referring to other image files is by embedding a formatting character in the filename with a scene range. Consider the filename image-%d.jpg[1-5]. The command

magick image-%d.jpg[1-5] causes ImageMagick to attempt to read images with these filenames:

image-1.jpg image-2.jpg image-3.jpg image-4.jpg image-5.jpg

See also https://www.imagemagick.org/script/convert.php

Upvotes: 15

Juan Lagos
Juan Lagos

Reputation: 1

Mixing first idea with their reply, I think this code maybe satisfactory

jpgs2pdf.sh

#!/bin/bash

cd $1
FILES=$( find . -type f -name "*jpg" | cut -d/ -f 2)
mkdir temp > /dev/null
cd temp

for file in $FILES; do
 BASE=$(echo $file | sed 's/.jpg//g');
 convert ../$BASE.jpg $BASE.pdf;
done &&

pdftk `ls -v *pdf` cat output ../`basename $1`.pdf
cd ..
rm -rf temp

Upvotes: 0

Martian
Martian

Reputation: 37

This is how I do it:
First line convert all jpg files to pdf it is using convert command.
Second line is merging all pdf files to one single as pdf per page. This is using gs ((PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer))

for i in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*.jpg" -print); do convert $i ${i//jpg/pdf}; done
gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOUTPUTFILE=merged_file.pdf -dBATCH `find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*.pdf" -print"`

Upvotes: 3

Delan Azabani
Delan Azabani

Reputation: 81384

The problem is because your shell is expanding the wildcard in a purely alphabetical order, and because the lengths of the numbers are different, the order will be incorrect:

$ echo *.jpg
1.jpg 10.jpg 100.jpg 101.jpg 102.jpg ...

The solution is to pad the filenames with zeros as required so they're the same length before running your convert command:

$ for i in *.jpg; do num=`expr match "$i" '\([0-9]\+\).*'`;
> padded=`printf "%03d" $num`; mv -v "$i" "${i/$num/$padded}"; done

Now the files will be matched by the wildcard in the correct order, ready for the convert command:

$ echo *.jpg
001.jpg 002.jpg 003.jpg 004.jpg 005.jpg 006.jpg 007.jpg 008.jpg ...

Upvotes: 27

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