Set CSS animation delay with javascript

Question

I have some keyframe animations in my css file. There is already an animation-delay specified. The wrapper div has the attribute data-delay.

I want to get the animation-delay in the css file and add the value of data-delay to it. Then i want that the animation start with the new delay.

I tried ele[i].style.animationDelay. But it seems that this returns null until I set a value to it.

If I set ele[i].style.animationDelay = '5s' the animation still runs with the delay of the css file.

HTML

<div id="wrapper" data-delay="2s" >
    <h1 id="hi">Hi</h1>
    <h1 id="name">test!</h1>
</div>

CSS

body { font-size: 300%; }

#wrapper h1 { position: absolute; }

#hi {
    transform: translate(-200px, 100px);

    animation-name: hi;
    animation-duration: .5s;
    animation-timing-function: linear;
    animation-fill-mode: forwards;
    animation-delay: 0s;
}

#name {
    transform: translate(-200px, 150px);

    animation-name: name;
    animation-duration: .5s;
    animation-timing-function: linear;
    animation-fill-mode: forwards;
    animation-delay: 1s;
}

@keyframes hi{
    100% { transform: translate(50px, 100px) };
}

@keyframes name{
    100% { transform: translate(50px, 150px) };
}

JS

var wrapper = document.getElementById('wrapper');
var ele = wrapper.children;
var delay = wrapper.getAttribute('data-delay');

for (var i=0;i<ele.length;i++) {

    alert(ele[i].style.animationDelay);
    ele[i].style.animationDelay = delay;
    alert(ele[i].style.animationDelay);
}

http://jsfiddle.net/FHuKN/4/

Answer 1

Old Firefoxes (at least up to 16), Opera before migrating to Blink (<15), IE at least 10 - will not redraw the animation if we just change some of its attributes like (-prefix-)animation-delay. In order to make them do so, we have to apply some depper tricks.

1. The first will be removing and reinserting the animated element. And - for the sake of Webkit - applying all the style changes on it.

Just change the code from @tiffon's fiddle

elms[i].style.setProperty(prop, (cur + delay) + 's');

To

var newEl =  elms[i].cloneNode(true);
newEl.style.setProperty(prop, (cur + delay) + 's', '');
elms[i].parentNode.replaceChild(newEl,elms[i]);

http://jsfiddle.net/FHuKN/28/

1. Remove the class name ar the attribute value, which the animation is attached to, wait for a bit (setTimeout) of - better - trigger the reflow (say, element.offsetWidth = element.offsetWidth;), and add the class name again.

http://jsfiddle.net/FHuKN/29/

The idea is not mine, all credit goes to Chris Coyer

Answer 2

I've only tested this on Mac 10.8 Chrome 25, Safari 6.0, and FF 18.0.

Sounds like the main thing you wanted to do was add the data-delay value to whatever existing animation delay was applied to the elements.

HTML - unchanged

<div id="wrapper" data-delay="5.1s" >
    <h1 id="hi">Hi</h1>
    <h1 id="name">test!</h1>
</div>

CSS - Vendor prefixes and initial keyframes (0%) were added.

body { font-size: 300%; }

#wrapper h1 { position: absolute; }

#hi { 
    -webkit-transform: translate(-200px, 100px);
    -webkit-animation-name: hi;
    -webkit-animation-duration: .5s;
    -webkit-animation-timing-function: linear;
    -webkit-animation-fill-mode: forwards;
    -webkit-animation-delay: 2.1s;

    -moz-transform: translate(-200px, 100px);
    -moz-animation-name: hi;
    -moz-animation-duration: .5s;
    -moz-animation-timing-function: linear;
    -moz-animation-fill-mode: forwards;
    -moz-animation-delay: 2.1s;

    transform: translate(-200px, 100px);
    animation-name: hi;
    animation-duration: .5s;
    animation-timing-function: linear;
    animation-fill-mode: forwards;
    animation-delay: 2.1s;
}

#name { 
    -webkit-transform: translate(-200px, 150px);
    -webkit-animation-name: name;
    -webkit-animation-duration: .5s;
    -webkit-animation-timing-function: linear;
    -webkit-animation-fill-mode: forwards;
    -webkit-animation-delay: 3.1s;

    -moz-transform: translate(-200px, 150px);
    -moz-animation-name: name;
    -moz-animation-duration: .5s;
    -moz-animation-timing-function: linear;
    -moz-animation-fill-mode: forwards;
    -moz-animation-delay: 3.1s;

    transform: translate(-200px, 150px);
    animation-name: name;
    animation-duration: .5s;
    animation-timing-function: linear;
    animation-fill-mode: forwards;
    animation-delay: 3.1s;
}

@-moz-keyframes hi{
    0% { -moz-transform: translate(-200px, 100px); }
    100% { -moz-transform: translate(50px, 100px); }
}
@-webkit-keyframes hi {
    0% { -webkit-transform: translate(-200px, 100px); }
    100% { -webkit-transform: translate(50px, 100px); }
}
@keyframes hi{
    0% { transform: translate(-200px, 100px); }
    100% { transform: translate(50px, 100px); }
}

@-moz-keyframes name {
    0% { -moz-transform: translate(-200px, 150px); }
    100% { -moz-transform: translate(50px, 150px); }
}
@-webkit-keyframes name {
    0% { -webkit-transform: translate(-200px, 150px); }
    100% { -webkit-transform: translate(50px, 150px); }
}
@keyframes name {
    0% { transform: translate(-200px, 150px); }
    100% { transform: translate(50px, 150px); }
}

JAVASCRIPT

On an element, the style property doesn't hold all the style information because it only represents what is being set directly on the element via the style attribute. MDN

window.getComputedStyle() seems to work pretty well.

Juggling the prefixed properties is a little clunky, but it worked in the browsers I tested with.

(function(undefined) {

    var wrapper = document.getElementById('wrapper'),
        elms = wrapper.children,
        delay = wrapper.getAttribute('data-delay'),
        prop,
        styl,
        cur,
        i;

    delay = !delay ? 0 : Number(delay.replace(/[^\d\.]/g, ''));

    if (!elms.length) {
        return;
    }

    styl = window.getComputedStyle(elms[0]);

    if (styl.getPropertyValue('animation-delay')) {
        prop = 'animation-delay';

    } else if (styl.getPropertyValue('-webkit-animation-delay')) {
        prop = '-webkit-animation-delay';

    } else if (styl.getPropertyValue('-moz-animation-delay')) {
        prop = '-moz-animation-delay';

    } else {
        console.log('unable to find prop');
        return;
    }
    // console.log('prop', prop);

    for (i = 0; i < elms.length; i++) {
        styl = window.getComputedStyle(elms[i]);
        cur = styl.getPropertyValue(prop);
        cur = Number(cur.replace(/[^\d\.]/g, ''));
        elms[i].style.setProperty(prop, (cur + delay) + 's');

        console.log('delay: ' + cur + 's -> ' + (cur + delay) + 's')
    }

})();

http://jsfiddle.net/FHuKN/11/