CODEWITHSUNDEEP
bashshelllogging
coffeemonitor
coffeemonitor

Reputation: 13120

Write to custom log file from a Bash script

In Linux, I know how to write a simply message to the /var/log/messages file, in a simple shell script I created:

#!/bin/bash
logger "have fun!"

I want to stop throwing messages into the default /var/log/messages file, and create my own.

I tried this:

#!/bin/bash
logger "have more fun" > /var/log/mycustomlog

It still logs to /var/log/messages. It did create the /var/log/mycustomlog, but it's empty.

Anyone see what I'm missing?

Upvotes: 51

Views: 195116

Answers (5)

Ansgar Wiechers
Ansgar Wiechers

Reputation: 200283

logger logs to syslog facilities. If you want the message to go to a particular file you have to modify the syslog configuration accordingly. You could add a line like this:

local7.*   -/var/log/mycustomlog

and restart syslog. Then you can log like this:

logger -p local7.info "information message"
logger -p local7.err "error message"

and the messages will appear in the desired logfile with the correct log level.

Without making changes to the syslog configuration you could use logger like this:

logger -s "foo bar" 2>> /var/log/mycustomlog

Specifying -s or --stderr instructs logger to print the message to STDERR as well (in addition to logging it to syslog), so you could redirect STDERR to a file. However, it would be utterly pointless, because the message is already logged via syslog anyway (with the default priority user.notice). Note that we use here 2>> to append standard error to the file named.

Upvotes: 49

shrewmouse
shrewmouse

Reputation: 6030

I did it by using a filter. Most linux systems use rsyslog these days. The config files are located at /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d.

Whenever I run the command logger -t SRI some message, I want "some message" to only show up in /var/log/sri.log.

To do this I added the file /etc/rsyslog.d/00-sri.conf with the following content.

# Filter all messages whose tag starts with SRI
# Note that 'isequal, "SRI:"' or 'isequal "SRI"' will not work.
#
:syslogtag, startswith, "SRI" /var/log/sri.log

# The stop command prevents this message from getting processed any further.
# Thus the message will not show up in /var/log/messages.
#
& stop

Then restart the rsyslogd service:

systemctl restart rsyslog.service

Here is a shell session showing the results:

[root@rpm-server html]# logger -t SRI Hello World!
[root@rpm-server html]# cat /var/log/sri.log
Jun  5 10:33:01 rpm-server SRI[11785]: Hello World!
[root@rpm-server html]#
[root@rpm-server html]# # see that nothing shows up in /var/log/messages
[root@rpm-server html]# tail -10 /var/log/messages | grep SRI
[root@rpm-server html]#

Upvotes: 2

Piyush Chordia
Piyush Chordia

Reputation: 1375

There's good amount of detail on logging for shell scripts via global varaibles of shell. We can emulate the similar kind of logging in shell script: http://www.cubicrace.com/2016/03/efficient-logging-mechnism-in-shell.html The post has details on introdducing log levels like INFO , DEBUG, ERROR. Tracing details like script entry, script exit, function entry, function exit.

Sample Log: enter image description here

Upvotes: 7

pallav_rus
pallav_rus

Reputation: 107

If you see the man page of logger: 

$ man logger

LOGGER(1) BSD General Commands Manual LOGGER(1)

NAME logger — a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module

SYNOPSIS logger [-isd] [-f file] [-p pri] [-t tag] [-u socket] [message ...]

DESCRIPTION Logger makes entries in the system log. It provides a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module.

It Clearly says that it will log to system log. If you want to log to file, you can use ">>" to redirect to log file.

Upvotes: 2

coffeemonitor
coffeemonitor

Reputation: 13120

@chepner make a good point that logger is dedicated to logging messages.

I do need to mention that @Thomas Haratyk simply inquired why I didn't simply use echo.

At the time, I didn't know about echo, as I'm learning shell-scripting, but he was right.

My simple solution is now this:

#!/bin/bash
echo "This logs to where I want, but using echo" > /var/log/mycustomlog

The example above will overwrite the file after the >

So, I can append to that file with this:

#!/bin/bash
echo "I will just append to my custom log file" >> /var/log/customlog

Thanks guys!

  • on a side note, it's simply my personal preference to keep my personal logs in /var/log/, but I'm sure there are other good ideas out there. And since I didn't create a daemon, /var/log/ probably isn't the best place for my custom log file. (just saying)

Upvotes: 40

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