CODEWITHSUNDEEP
.htaccessqsa
stackoverflower
stackoverflower

Reputation: 929

What is L in [QSA, L] in htaccess

QSA means that if there's a query string passed with the original URL, it will be appended to the rewrite (olle?p=1 will be rewritten as index.php?url=olle&p=1.

L means if the rule matches, don't process any more RewriteRules below this one.

Hi, what are some easy examples to explain the use of L? I can't seem to grasp this explanation above. Any help will be highly appreciated. Thanks.

Upvotes: 89

Views: 122043

Answers (3)

CodAIK
CodAIK

Reputation: 763

Example of [L,QSA]

Before: https://example.com/index.php?user=robert

RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^user/([^/]+)?$ index.php?user=$1 [L,QSA]

After: https://example.com/user/robert?query=value

You can also use other query too.

Like: robert?query=value&query2=value2&query3=value3

Upvotes: -1

Smit Patadiya
Smit Patadiya

Reputation: 1538

.htaccess flag list

  • C (chained with next rule)
  • CO=cookie (set specified cookie)
  • E=var:value (set environment variable var to value)
  • F (forbidden - sends a 403 header to the user)
  • G (gone - no longer exists)
  • H=handler (set handler)
  • L (last - stop processing rules)

Last rule: instructs the server to stop rewriting after the preceding directive is processed.

  • N (next - continue processing rules)
  • NC (case insensitive)
  • NE (do not escape special URL characters in output)
  • NS (ignore this rule if the request is a subrequest)
  • P (proxy - i.e., apache should grab the remote content specified in the substitution section and return it)
  • PT (pass through - use when processing URLs with additional handlers, e.g., mod_alias)
  • R (temporary redirect to new URL)
  • R=301 (permanent redirect to new URL)
  • QSA (append query string from request to substituted URL)
  • S=x (skip next x rules)
  • T=mime-type (force specified mime type)

Flags are added to the end of a rewrite rule to tell Apache how to interpret and handle the rule. They can be used to tell apache to treat the rule as case-insensitive, to stop processing rules if the current one matches, or a variety of other options. They are comma-separated, and contained in square brackets.

Upvotes: 139

Jon Lin
Jon Lin

Reputation: 143896

The QSA flag means to append an existing query string after the URI has been rewritten. Example:

URL=http://example.com/foo/bar?q=blah

Rule:

RewriteRule ^foo/(.*)$ /index.php?b=$1

Result=/index.php?b=bar

Notice how the q=blah is gone. Because the existing query string is dropped in favor of the one in the rule's target, (b=$1). Now if you include a QSA flag:

RewriteRule ^foo/(.*)$ /index.php?b=$1 [QSA]

The result becomes=/index.php?b=bar&q=blah

The L flag simply means to stop applying any rules that follow. Given the same URL, http://example.com/foo/bar?q=blah, and given the rules:

RewriteRule ^foo - 

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/bar.php
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /bar.php?z=$1

The first rule gets applied and the URI gets passed through unchanged (via the - target). The rewrite engine then processes the next rule, and the URI gets rewritten to /bar.php?z=foo/bar. What happens when you add an L to the end:

RewriteRule ^foo - [L]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/bar.php
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /bar.php?z=$1

The URL http://example.com/foo/bar gets passed through untouched from the first rule, then stops because of the L flag. If the URL is http://example.com/something/else then the first rule doesn't match and the second rule gets applied, rewriting the URI to: /bar.php?z=something/else

Note that since the rewrite engine loops through all the rules until the URI stops changing, the L flag will not prevent the looping, only any further rules from getting applied in the current iteration.

Upvotes: 104

Related Questions