CODEWITHSUNDEEP
mysqldatetime
Brian Boatright
Brian Boatright

Reputation: 36774

How do you set a default value for a MySQL Datetime column?

How do you set a default value for a MySQL Datetime column?

In SQL Server it's getdate(). What is the equivalant for MySQL? I'm using MySQL 5.x if that is a factor.

Upvotes: 1052

Views: 1702513

Answers (27)

Haans
Haans

Reputation: 81

We could also use this SQL to modify the column.

ALTER TABLE <table_name> modify column <column_name> DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

Upvotes: 0

Barani r
Barani r

Reputation: 2367

Sample queries that workd for date and string time format:

alter table ticket_details modify column depature_date date not null default '1999-12-12 12:12:12';

alter table ticket_details modify column depature_time varchar(50) not null default '12:12:12';

Upvotes: 1

Stephan Unrau
Stephan Unrau

Reputation: 1709

MySQL (before version 5.6.5) does not allow functions to be used for default DateTime values. TIMESTAMP is not suitable due to its odd behavior and is not recommended for use as input data. (See MySQL Data Type Defaults.)

That said, you can accomplish this by creating a Trigger.

I have a table with a DateCreated field of type DateTime. I created a trigger on that table "Before Insert" and "SET NEW.DateCreated=NOW()" and it works great.

Upvotes: 158

sebthebert
sebthebert

Reputation: 12507

IMPORTANT EDIT: It is now possible to achieve this with DATETIME fields since MySQL 5.6.5, take a look at the other post below...

Previous versions can't do that with DATETIME...

But you can do it with TIMESTAMP:

mysql> create table test (str varchar(32), ts TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc test;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default           | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
| str   | varchar(32) | YES  |     | NULL              |       | 
| ts    | timestamp   | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |       | 
+-------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test (str) values ("demo");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+------+---------------------+
| str  | ts                  |
+------+---------------------+
| demo | 2008-10-03 22:59:52 | 
+------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

CAVEAT: IF you define a column with CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON as default, you will need to ALWAYS specify a value for this column or the value will automatically reset itself to "now()" on update. This means that if you do not want the value to change, your UPDATE statement must contain "[your column name] = [your column name]" (or some other value) or the value will become "now()". Weird, but true. I am using 5.5.56-MariaDB

Upvotes: 1002

Bhargav Variya
Bhargav Variya

Reputation: 775

If you set ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP it will take current time when row data update in table.

 CREATE TABLE bar(
        `create_time` TIMESTAMP CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
        `update_time` TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
    )

Upvotes: 5

Gvs Akhil
Gvs Akhil

Reputation: 2608

Working fine with MySQL 8.x 

CREATE TABLE `users` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `dateCreated` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
      `dateUpdated` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      UNIQUE KEY `mobile_UNIQUE` (`mobile`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

Upvotes: 10

Deepak N
Deepak N

Reputation: 1639

I think it simple in mysql since mysql the inbuilt function called now() which gives current time(time of that insert).

So your query should look like similarly

CREATE TABLE defaultforTime(
    `creation_time`     DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    `modification_time` DATETIME default now()
);

Thank you.

Upvotes: 5

Saveendra Ekanayake
Saveendra Ekanayake

Reputation: 3313

If you have already created the table then you can use

To change default value to current date time

ALTER TABLE <TABLE_NAME> 
CHANGE COLUMN <COLUMN_NAME> <COLUMN_NAME> DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

To change default value to '2015-05-11 13:01:01'

ALTER TABLE <TABLE_NAME> 
CHANGE COLUMN <COLUMN_NAME> <COLUMN_NAME> DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT '2015-05-11 13:01:01';

Upvotes: 25

Rana Aalamgeer
Rana Aalamgeer

Reputation: 712

Use the following code 

DELIMITER $$

    CREATE TRIGGER bu_table1_each BEFORE UPDATE ON table1 FOR EACH ROW
    BEGIN
      SET new.datefield = NOW();
    END $$

    DELIMITER ;

Upvotes: 1

Evhz
Evhz

Reputation: 9275

I'm running MySql Server 5.7.11 and this sentence:

ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE date_column datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00'

is not working. But the following: 

ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE date_column datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '1000-01-01 00:00:00'

just works.

As a sidenote, it is mentioned in the mysql docs:

The DATE type is used for values with a date part but no time part. MySQL retrieves and displays DATE values in 'YYYY-MM-DD' format. The supported range is '1000-01-01' to '9999-12-31'.

even if they also say:

Invalid DATE, DATETIME, or TIMESTAMP values are converted to the “zero” value of the appropriate type ('0000-00-00' or '0000-00-00 00:00:00').

Upvotes: 11

Augiwan
Augiwan

Reputation: 2482

For all those who lost heart trying to set a default DATETIME value in MySQL, I know exactly how you feel/felt. So here is is:

ALTER TABLE  `table_name` CHANGE `column_name` DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT 0

Carefully observe that I haven't added single quotes/double quotes around the 0

I'm literally jumping after solving this one :D

Upvotes: 27

Lucas Moyano Angelini
Lucas Moyano Angelini

Reputation: 368

This is my trigger example:

/************ ROLE ************/
drop table if exists `role`;
create table `role` (
    `id_role` bigint(20) unsigned not null auto_increment,
    `date_created` datetime,
    `date_deleted` datetime,
    `name` varchar(35) not null,
    `description` text,
    primary key (`id_role`)
) comment='';

drop trigger if exists `role_date_created`;
create trigger `role_date_created` before insert
    on `role`
    for each row 
    set new.`date_created` = now();

Upvotes: 0

Joseph Persie III
Joseph Persie III

Reputation: 622

Take for instance If I had a table named 'site' with a created_at and an update_at column that were both DATETIME and need the default value of now, I could execute the following sql to achieve this.

ALTER TABLE `site` CHANGE `created_at` `created_at` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

ALTER TABLE `site` CHANGE `created_at` `created_at` DATETIME  NULL DEFAULT NULL;

ALTER TABLE `site` CHANGE `updated_at` `updated_at` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

ALTER TABLE `site` CHANGE `updated_at` `updated_at` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT  NULL;

The sequence of statements is important because a table can not have two columns of type TIMESTAMP with default values of CUREENT TIMESTAMP

Upvotes: 1

Steven Lloyd
Steven Lloyd

Reputation: 177

MySQL 5.6 has fixed this problem.

ALTER TABLE mytable CHANGE mydate datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'

Upvotes: 15

Fathah Rehman P
Fathah Rehman P

Reputation: 8761

CREATE TABLE `testtable` (
    `id` INT(10) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
    `colname` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT '1999-12-12 12:12:12'
)

In the above query to create 'testtable', i used '1999-12-12 12:12:12' as default value for DATETIME column colname

Upvotes: 2

Gustav Bertram
Gustav Bertram

Reputation: 14905

In version 5.6.5, it is possible to set a default value on a datetime column, and even make a column that will update when the row is updated. The type definition:

CREATE TABLE foo (
    `creation_time`     DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    `modification_time` DATETIME ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)

Reference: http://optimize-this.blogspot.com/2012/04/datetime-default-now-finally-available.html

Upvotes: 712

Dhrumil Shah
Dhrumil Shah

Reputation: 2176

If you are trying to set default value as NOW(),MySQL supports that you have to change the type of that column TIMESTAMP instead of DATETIME. TIMESTAMP have current date and time as default..i think it will resolved your problem..

Upvotes: 0

George
George

Reputation: 67

While you can't do this with DATETIME in the default definition, you can simply incorporate a select statement in your insert statement like this:

INSERT INTO Yourtable (Field1, YourDateField) VALUES('val1', (select now()))

Note the lack of quotes around the table.

For MySQL 5.5

Upvotes: 6

Samuel
Samuel

Reputation: 61

Here is how to do it on MySQL 5.1:

ALTER TABLE `table_name` CHANGE `column_name` `column_name` 
TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

I have no clue why you have to enter the column name twice.

Upvotes: 6

Srinivas
Srinivas

Reputation: 1

You can resolve the default timestamp. First consider which character set you are using for example if u taken utf8 this character set support all languages and if u taken laten1 this character set support only for English. Next setp if you are working under any project you should know client time zone and select you are client zone. This step are mandatory.

Upvotes: -3

John Larson
John Larson

Reputation: 1459

For me the trigger approach has worked the best, but I found a snag with the approach. Consider the basic trigger to set a date field to the current time on insert:

CREATE TRIGGER myTable_OnInsert BEFORE INSERT ON `tblMyTable`
    FOR EACH ROW SET NEW.dateAdded = NOW();

This is usually great, but say you want to set the field manually via INSERT statement, like so:

INSERT INTO tblMyTable(name, dateAdded) VALUES('Alice', '2010-01-03 04:30:43');

What happens is that the trigger immediately overwrites your provided value for the field, and so the only way to set a non-current time is a follow up UPDATE statement--yuck! To override this behavior when a value is provided, try this slightly modified trigger with the IFNULL operator:

CREATE TRIGGER myTable_OnInsert BEFORE INSERT ON `tblMyTable`
    FOR EACH ROW SET NEW.dateAdded = IFNULL(NEW.dateAdded, NOW());

This gives the best of both worlds: you can provide a value for your date column and it will take, and otherwise it'll default to the current time. It's still ghetto relative to something clean like DEFAULT GETDATE() in the table definition, but we're getting closer!

Upvotes: 135

Drawin Kumar
Drawin Kumar

Reputation: 81

While defining multi-line triggers one has to change the delimiter as semicolon will be taken by MySQL compiler as end of trigger and generate error. e.g.

DELIMITER //
CREATE TRIGGER `MyTable_UPDATE` BEFORE UPDATE ON `MyTable`
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
        -- Set the udpate date
    Set new.UpdateDate = now();
END//
DELIMITER ;

Upvotes: 8

Donald
Donald

Reputation: 271

You can use triggers to do this type of stuff.

CREATE TABLE `MyTable` (
`MyTable_ID`  int UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
`MyData`  varchar(10) NOT NULL ,
`CreationDate`  datetime NULL ,
`UpdateDate`  datetime NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (`MyTable_ID`)
)
;

CREATE TRIGGER `MyTable_INSERT` BEFORE INSERT ON `MyTable`
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
        -- Set the creation date
    SET new.CreationDate = now();

        -- Set the udpate date
    Set new.UpdateDate = now();
END;

CREATE TRIGGER `MyTable_UPDATE` BEFORE UPDATE ON `MyTable`
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
        -- Set the udpate date
    Set new.UpdateDate = now();
END;

Upvotes: 27

Fabian
Fabian

Reputation: 2458

For all who use the TIMESTAMP column as a solution i want to second the following limitation from the manual:

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/datetime.html

"The TIMESTAMP data type has a range of '1970-01-01 00:00:01' UTC to '2038-01-19 03:14:07' UTC. It has varying properties, depending on the MySQL version and the SQL mode the server is running in. These properties are described later in this section. "

So this will obviously break your software in about 28 years.

I believe the only solution on the database side is to use triggers like mentioned in other answers.

Upvotes: 9

user188217
user188217

Reputation:

I was able to solve this using this alter statement on my table that had two datetime fields.

ALTER TABLE `test_table`
  CHANGE COLUMN `created_dt` `created_dt` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  CHANGE COLUMN `updated_dt` `updated_dt` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

This works as you would expect the now() function to work. Inserting nulls or ignoring the created_dt and updated_dt fields results in a perfect timestamp value in both fields. Any update to the row changes the updated_dt. If you insert records via the MySQL query browser you needed one more step, a trigger to handle the created_dt with a new timestamp.

CREATE TRIGGER trig_test_table_insert BEFORE INSERT ON `test_table`
    FOR EACH ROW SET NEW.created_dt = NOW();

The trigger can be whatever you want I just like the naming convention [trig]_[my_table_name]_[insert]

Upvotes: 43

Vijesh VP
Vijesh VP

Reputation: 4540

If you are trying to set default value as NOW(), I don't think MySQL supports that. In MySQL, you cannot use a function or an expression as the default value for any type of column, except for the TIMESTAMP data type column, for which you can specify the CURRENT_TIMESTAMP as the default.

Upvotes: 5

KernelM
KernelM

Reputation: 8916

You can use now() to set the value of a datetime column, but keep in mind that you can't use that as a default value.

Upvotes: 11

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