CODEWITHSUNDEEP
fortranfortran90
Rauno C.
Rauno C.

Reputation: 71

way Fortran handles empty spaces

I would like to have some clarifications about the way Fortran handles "empty" characters in strings. Let us assume we have this situation:

program main
implicit none

test('AB')
end program

where

function test(name)
implicit none
character(10) :: name
character(3)  :: cutname

write(*,*) '-'//name//'-'             ! Gives output "-AB        -" 
                                      ! Space has then been added at the end
cutname(1:3) = name(1:3)
write(*,*) '1-'//cutname//'-'           ! Gives output "-AB -"
                                        ! It seems there is a space then at the end
                                        ! of cutname

write(*,*)  (cutname(1:2) == 'AB')      ! Gives output  T (true)
write(*,*)  (cutname(3:3) == ' ')       ! Gives output  F (false)
write(*,*)  (cutname  == 'AB ')         ! Gives output  F (false)

end function

I am pretty curious about what is happening in this case. Thanks in advance.

Upvotes: 1

Views: 5688

Answers (1)

M. S. B.
M. S. B.

Reputation: 29401

Standard strings in Fortran are fixed length. If you don't use the entire string, they are padded on the end with blanks/spaces.

I altered your example program to pass compiler checks of gfortran and ifort. Your function had no return, so better as a subroutine. The compilers noticed the inconsistency between the lengths of the actual and dummy argument -- because I put the procedure into a module and useed it so that the compiler could check argument consistency. They complain about passing a length 2 string to a length 10 string. How are the remaining characters supposed to be defined? 

module test_mod

contains

subroutine test(name)
implicit none
character(10) :: name
character(3)  :: cutname

write(*,*) '-'//name//'-'             ! Gives output "-AB        -"
                                      ! Space has then been added at the end
cutname(1:3) = name(1:3)
write(*,*) '1-'//cutname//'-'           ! Gives output "-AB -"
                                        ! It seems there is a space then at the end
                                        ! of cutname

write(*,*)  (cutname(1:2) == 'AB')      ! Gives output  T (true)
write(*,*)  (cutname(3:3) == ' ')       ! Gives output  F (false)
write(*,*)  (cutname  == 'AB ')         ! Gives output  F (false)

end subroutine test

end module test_mod



program main
use test_mod
implicit none

call test('AB          ')
end program

When I run this version, the outputs are T, T and T, which is what I expect.

EDIT: I suggest using full warning and error checking options of your compiler. That is how I quickly found the issues with the example. With gfortran: -O2 -fimplicit-none -Wall -Wline-truncation -Wcharacter-truncation -Wsurprising -Waliasing -Wimplicit-interface -Wunused-parameter -fwhole-file -fcheck=all -std=f2008 -pedantic -fbacktrace.

A string assignment statement doesn't require the two sides to have the same lengths. If the RHS is shorter than the string variable on the LHS, it will get padded on the end with blanks. Here, the arguments should be consistent, including in length.

Upvotes: 2

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