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powershellcommandpipeexternal
Jobbo
Jobbo

Reputation: 1418

Powershell: Pipe external command output to another external command

How can I get PowerShell to understand this type of thing:

Robocopy.exe | Find.exe "Started"

The old command processor gave a result, but I'm confused about how to do this in PowerShell:

&robocopy | find.exe "Started"                #error
&robocopy | find.exe @("Started")             #error
&robocopy @("|", "find.exe","Started")        #error
&robocopy | &find @("Started")                #error
&(robocopy | find "Started")                  #error

Essentially I want to pipe the output of one external command into another external command. In reality I'll be calling flac.exe and piping it into lame.exe to convert FLAC to MP3.

Cheers

Upvotes: 4

Views: 19058

Answers (3)

mklement0
mklement0

Reputation: 440337

tl;dr

# Note the nested quoting. CAVEAT: May break in the future.
robocopy.exe | find.exe '"Started"'    

# Alternative. CAVEAT: doesn't support *variable references* after --%
robocopy.exe | find.exe --% "Started"

# *If available*, use PowerShell's equivalent of an external program.
# In lieu of `findstr.exe`, you can use Select-String (whose built-in alias is scs):
# Note: Outputs are *objects* describing the matching lines.
#       To get just the lines, pipe to | % ToString 
#       or - in PowerShell 7+ _ use -Raw
robocopy.exe | sls Started

For an explanation, read on.

PowerShell does support piping to and from external programs.

The problem here is one of parameter parsing and passing: find.exe has the curious requirement that its search term must be enclosed in literal double quotes.

In cmd.exe, simple double-quoting is sufficient: find.exe "Started"

By contrast, PowerShell by default pre-parses parameters before passing them on and strips enclosing quotes if the verbatim argument value doesn't contain spaces, so that find.exe sees only Started, without the double quotes, resulting in an error.

There are three ways to solve this:

  • PS v3+ (only an option if your parameters are only literals and/or environment variables): --%, the stop-parsing symbol, tells PowerShell to pass the rest of the command line as-is to the target program (reference environment variables, if any, cmd-style (%<var>%)):
    robocopy.exe | find.exe --% "Started"

  • PS v2 too, or if you need to use PowerShell variables in the parameters: apply an outer layer of PowerShell quoting (PowerShell will strip the single quotes and pass the contents of the string as-is to find.exe, with enclosing double quotes intact):
    robocopy.exe | find.exe '"Started"'

    • Caveat: It is only due to broken behavior that this technique works. If this behavior gets fixed (the fix may require opt-in), the above won't work anymore, because PowerShell would then pass ""Started"" behind the scenes, which breaks the call - see this answer for more information.

  • If an analogous PowerShell command is available, use it, which avoids all quoting problems. In this case, the Select-String cmdlet, PowerShell's more powershell analog to findstr.exe can be used, as shown above.

Upvotes: 3

Adil Hindistan
Adil Hindistan

Reputation: 6635

@Jobbo: cmd and PowerShell are two different shells. Mixing them is sometimes possible but as you realized from Shay's answer, it won't get you too far. However, you may be asking the wrong question here.

Most of the time, the problem you are trying to solve like piping to find.exe are not even necessary. You do have equivalent of find.exe, in fact more powerful version, in Powershell: select-string

You can always run a command and assign results to a variable. 

$results = Robocopy c:\temp\a1 c:\temp\a2 /MIR

Results are going to be STRING type, and you have many tools to slice and dice it.

PS > $results |select-string "started"

  Started : Monday, October 07, 2013 8:15:50 PM

Upvotes: 3

Shay Levy
Shay Levy

Reputation: 126912

Invoke it via cmd:

PS> cmd /c 'Robocopy.exe | Find.exe "Started"'

Upvotes: 2

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