CODEWITHSUNDEEP
c++dictionarystdstdmap
There is nothing we can do
There is nothing we can do

Reputation: 24675

How to find if a given key exists in a std::map

I'm trying to check if a given key is in a map and somewhat can't do it:

typedef map<string,string>::iterator mi;
map<string, string> m;
m.insert(make_pair("f","++--"));
pair<mi,mi> p = m.equal_range("f");//I'm not sure if equal_range does what I want
cout << p.first;//I'm getting error here

so how can I print what is in p?

Upvotes: 664

Views: 1038053

Answers (15)

WBuck
WBuck

Reputation: 5503

C++17 simplified this a bit more with an If statements with initializer. This way you can have your cake and eat it too.

if ( auto it{ m.find( "key" ) }; it != std::end( m ) ) 
{
    // Use `structured binding` to get the key
    // and value.
    const auto&[ key, value ] { *it };

    // Grab either the key or value stored in the pair.
    // The key is stored in the 'first' variable and
    // the 'value' is stored in the second.
    const auto& mkey{ it->first };
    const auto& mvalue{ it->second };

    // That or just grab the entire pair pointed
    // to by the iterator.
    const auto& pair{ *it };
} 
else 
{
   // Key was not found..
}

Upvotes: 53

Mehtab Riaz
Mehtab Riaz

Reputation: 29

Both find() and contains() can be used. According to the documentation. Both methods take constant time on average and linear time in the worst case.

Upvotes: -1

anon
anon

Reputation:

Use map::find and map::end:

if (m.find("f") == m.end()) {
  // not found
} else {
  // found
}

Upvotes: 1000

NutCracker
NutCracker

Reputation: 12253

I know this question already has some good answers but I think my solution is worth of sharing.

It works for both std::map and std::vector<std::pair<T, U>> and is available from C++11.

template <typename ForwardIterator, typename Key>
bool contains_key(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Key const key) {
    using ValueType = typename std::iterator_traits<ForwardIterator>::value_type;

    auto search_result = std::find_if(
        first, last,
        [&key](ValueType const& item) {
            return item.first == key;
        }
    );

    if (search_result == last) {
        return false;
    } else {
        return true;
    }
}

Upvotes: -1

Denis Sablukov
Denis Sablukov

Reputation: 3690

C++20 gives us std::map::contains to do that.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>

int main()
{
    std::map<int, std::string> example = {{1, "One"}, {2, "Two"}, 
                                     {3, "Three"}, {42, "Don\'t Panic!!!"}};

    if(example.contains(42)) {
        std::cout << "Found\n";
    } else {
        std::cout << "Not found\n";
    }
}

Upvotes: 197

Muhammad Ahmad Zafar
Muhammad Ahmad Zafar

Reputation: 1

map <int , char>::iterator itr;
    for(itr = MyMap.begin() ; itr!= MyMap.end() ; itr++)
    {
        if (itr->second == 'c')
        {
            cout<<itr->first<<endl;
        }
    }

Upvotes: -7

EmreS
EmreS

Reputation: 187

If you want to compare pair of map you can use this method:

typedef map<double, double> TestMap;
TestMap testMap;
pair<map<double,double>::iterator,bool> controlMapValues;

controlMapValues= testMap.insert(std::pair<double,double>(x,y));
if (controlMapValues.second == false )
{
    TestMap::iterator it;
    it = testMap.find(x);

    if (it->second == y)
    {
        cout<<"Given value is already exist in Map"<<endl;
    }
}

This is a useful technique.

Upvotes: -8

Lambage
Lambage

Reputation: 377

template <typename T, typename Key>
bool key_exists(const T& container, const Key& key)
{
    return (container.find(key) != std::end(container));
}

Of course if you wanted to get fancier you could always template out a function that also took a found function and a not found function, something like this:

template <typename T, typename Key, typename FoundFunction, typename NotFoundFunction>
void find_and_execute(const T& container, const Key& key, FoundFunction found_function, NotFoundFunction not_found_function)
{
    auto& it = container.find(key);
    if (it != std::end(container))
    {
        found_function(key, it->second);
    }
    else
    {
        not_found_function(key);
    }
}

And use it like this:

    std::map<int, int> some_map;
    find_and_execute(some_map, 1,
        [](int key, int value){ std::cout << "key " << key << " found, value: " << value << std::endl; },
        [](int key){ std::cout << "key " << key << " not found" << std::endl; });

The downside to this is coming up with a good name, "find_and_execute" is awkward and I can't come up with anything better off the top of my head...

Upvotes: 9

Hope
Hope

Reputation: 1181

Comparing the code of std::map::find and std::map::count, I'd say the first may yield some performance advantage:

const_iterator find(const key_type& _Keyval) const
    {   // find an element in nonmutable sequence that matches _Keyval
    const_iterator _Where = lower_bound(_Keyval); // Here one looks only for lower bound
    return (_Where == end()
        || _DEBUG_LT_PRED(this->_Getcomp(),
            _Keyval, this->_Key(_Where._Mynode()))
                ? end() : _Where);
    }

size_type count(const key_type& _Keyval) const
    {   // count all elements that match _Keyval
    _Paircc _Ans = equal_range(_Keyval); // Here both lower and upper bounds are to be found, which is presumably slower.
    size_type _Num = 0;
    _Distance(_Ans.first, _Ans.second, _Num);
    return (_Num);
    }

Upvotes: 0

hustljian
hustljian

Reputation: 1055

map<string, string> m;

check key exist or not, and return number of occurs(0/1 in map): 

int num = m.count("f");  
if (num>0) {    
    //found   
} else {  
    // not found  
}

check key exist or not, and return iterator: 

map<string,string>::iterator mi = m.find("f");  
if(mi != m.end()) {  
    //found  
    //do something to mi.  
} else {  
    // not found  
}

in your question, the error caused by bad operator<< overload, because p.first is map<string, string>, you can not print it out. try this: 

if(p.first != p.second) {
    cout << p.first->first << " " << p.first->second << endl;
}

Upvotes: 6

DavidRR
DavidRR

Reputation: 19387

To check if a particular key in the map exists, use the count member function in one of the following ways:

m.count(key) > 0
m.count(key) == 1
m.count(key) != 0

The documentation for map::find says: "Another member function, map::count, can be used to just check whether a particular key exists."

The documentation for map::count says: "Because all elements in a map container are unique, the function can only return 1 (if the element is found) or zero (otherwise)."

To retrieve a value from the map via a key that you know to exist, use map::at:

value = m.at(key)

Unlike map::operator[], map::at will not create a new key in the map if the specified key does not exist.

Upvotes: 402

Invictus
Invictus

Reputation: 4328

Be careful in comparing the find result with the the end like for map 'm' as all answer have done above map::iterator i = m.find("f");

 if (i == m.end())
 {
 }
 else
 {
 }

you should not try and perform any operation such as printing the key or value with iterator i if its equal to m.end() else it will lead to segmentation fault.

Upvotes: 2

Steve Jessop
Steve Jessop

Reputation: 279195

I think you want map::find. If m.find("f") is equal to m.end(), then the key was not found. Otherwise, find returns an iterator pointing at the element found.

The error is because p.first is an iterator, which doesn't work for stream insertion. Change your last line to cout << (p.first)->first;. p is a pair of iterators, p.first is an iterator, p.first->first is the key string.

A map can only ever have one element for a given key, so equal_range isn't very useful. It's defined for map, because it's defined for all associative containers, but it's a lot more interesting for multimap.

Upvotes: 13

aJ.
aJ.

Reputation: 35450

m.find == m.end() // not found

If you want to use other API, then find go for m.count(c)>0

 if (m.count("f")>0)
      cout << " is an element of m.\n";
    else 
      cout << " is not an element of m.\n";

Upvotes: 21

Andreas Bonini
Andreas Bonini

Reputation: 44742

You can use .find():

map<string,string>::iterator i = m.find("f");

if (i == m.end()) { /* Not found */ }
else { /* Found, i->first is f, i->second is ++-- */ }

Upvotes: 57

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