How to use a parameter in ExecStart command line?

Question

I try to convert a SysVinit script used on Debian (and derivative distros such as Linux Mint and Ubuntu & Co.) to a systemd service to be used on Fedora or Arch Linux (and derivative distros such as Bridge or Manjaro), but even if the systemd start system is more performant and versatile than the previous, I don't understand how to make simple stuff such as using an "optional" argument on a command line like ExecStart= or ExecRestart= !

Here is what I do with SysVinit:

#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          myprog
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: myprog init script
# Descripton:        this script manages myprog
### END INIT INFO
# exit if myprog isn't installed
[ -x "/opt/mystuff/myrpog" ] || exit 0
case "$1" in
  start)
    cd /opt/mystuff
    ./myprog -r
    echo
    ;;
  stop)
    cd /opt/mystuff
    ./myprog -x
    ;;
  restart)
    cd /opt/mystuff
    ./myprog -x && ./myprog -r
    ;;
  version)
    cd /opt/mystuff
    ./myprog -v
    ;;
  try)
    cd /opt/mystuff
    ./myprog
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: sudo service myprog {start|stop|version|try}" >&2
    exit 3
    ;;
esac
:

So the script above allows to use different arguments including an empty one that will display the message "Usage: ..." when using the following command lines:

sudo service myprog start    # Start myprog with the -r argument
sudo service myprog stop     # Stop myprog with the -x argument
sudo service myprog version  # Display the release of myprog in the console
sudo service myprog try      # Start myprog without any argument
sudo service myprog restart  # Stop then start myprog with the -r argument
sudo service myprog          # Display the "Usage:..." message in the console

Now, with systemd, the script should look like this :

[Unit]
Description=This script manages myprog
ConditionFileExecutable=/opt/mystuff/myprog

[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStart=/opt/mystuf/myprog -r
ExecStop=/opt/mystuff/myprog -x
ExecRestart=/opt/mystuff/myprog -x : /opt/mystuff/myprog -r

[Install]
After=NetworkManager.service

Here starts my problems (and my lack of systemd knowledge):

Obviously, systemd doesn't provide a command such as ExecCustom01=, ExecCustom02, etc. that would allow me to create commands for "version" and "try" (and other if needed).

So, I may use ExecRestart in a different manner if I could use an argument to start both the "version" or the "try" command (being said that the "real" restart may be done by starting successively the stop and the start commands).

These "customized" ExecRestart= command could then look like this:

sudo systemctl restart myprog     # Without argument for the "try" command

and

sudo systemctl restart myprog -v  # For the "version" command

The systemd script could then look like this:

[Unit]
Description=This script manages myprog
ConditionFileExecutable=/opt/mystuff/myprog

[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStart=/opt/mystuf/myprog -r
ExecStop=/opt/mystuff/myprog -x
ExecRestart=/opt/mystuff/myprog ????? // This is where I need to use an argument

[Install]
After=NetworkManager.service

But I don't know if it's possible, and if yes, what is the syntax to use?

Any help would be truly appreciated since even after spending a bunch of hours in the multiple systemd man pages, I couldn't find any explicit sample about how to do that.

Thanks in advance for your time and advice.

Answer 1

Very late answer, but not previously mentioned. The following allows you to send multiple command line arguments to systemd to create an instance of a service template. Use systemd-escape:

systemctl start $(systemd-escape --template my_template@.service "prog.sh arg1 arg2 arg3")

or used in a versitile shell script:

systemctl $action $(systemd-escape --template my_template@.service "${app_name} ${app_args}"

Werein the .service file we have:

[Service]
ExecStart = /bin/sh -c /home/user/%I

credit to: [1]: https://www.baeldung.com/linux/systemd-multiple-parameters

Answer 2

Although systemd indeed does not provide a way to pass command-line arguments for unit files, it is possible to write instances: http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/instances.html

For example: /lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service looks something like this:

[Unit]
Description=Serial Getty on %I
BindTo=dev-%i.device
After=dev-%i.device systemd-user-sessions.service

[Service]
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty -s %I 115200,38400,9600
Restart=always
RestartSec=0

So, you may start it like:

$ systemctl start serial-getty@ttyUSB0.service
$ systemctl start serial-getty@ttyUSB1.service

systemd will start different instances of the serial-getty service:

$ systemctl status serial-getty@ttyUSB0.service
serial-getty@ttyUSB0.service - Getty on ttyUSB0
      Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service; static)
      Active: active (running) since Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:20:44 +0200; 2s ago
    Main PID: 5443 (agetty)
      CGroup: name=systemd:/system/getty@.service/ttyUSB0
          └ 5443 /sbin/agetty -s ttyUSB0 115200,38400,9600

It also makes it possible to enable and disable instantiated services separately.

Of course, it lacks much of the power of command line parsing, but in common way it is used as some sort of config files selection. For example, you may look at the Fedora openvpn@.service: http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/cgit/openvpn.git/tree/openvpn@.service

Answer 3

To attempt command line arguments directly is not possible.

One alternative might be environment variables (https://superuser.com/questions/728951/systemd-giving-my-service-multiple-arguments).

This is where I found the answer: http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemctl.html

so sudo systemctl restart myprog -v -- systemctl will think you're trying to set one of its flags, not myprog's flag.

sudo systemctl restart myprog someotheroption -- systemctl will restart myprog and the someotheroption service, if it exists.