React JSX: selecting "selected" on selected <select> option

Question

In a React component for a <select> menu, I need to set the selected attribute on the option that reflects the application state.

In render(), the optionState is passed from the state owner to the SortMenu component. The option values are passed in as props from JSON.

render: function() {
  var options = [],
      optionState = this.props.optionState;

  this.props.options.forEach(function(option) {
    var selected = (optionState === option.value) ? ' selected' : '';

    options.push(
      <option value={option.value}{selected}>{option.label}</option>
    );
  });

// pass {options} to the select menu jsx

However that triggers a syntax error on JSX compilation.

Doing this gets rid of the syntax error but obviously doesn't solve the problem:

var selected = (optionState === option.value) ? 'selected' : 'false';

<option value={option.value} selected={selected}>{option.label}</option>

I also tried this:

var selected = (optionState === option.value) ? true : false;

<option value={option.value} {selected ? 'selected' : ''}>{option.label}</option>

Is there a recommended way of solving this?

Answer 1

Adding selected to an option

A very common way of setting an input's value is by adding a selected attribute to one of its elements. For example:

const Select = ({ values, callback, selected }) => {
  return (
    <select
      disabled={disabled}
      readOnly={readonly}
      onChange={({ target: { value } }) => callback(value)}>
      {values.map(([value, text]) => (
        <option selected={selected === value} value={value}>
          {text}
        </option>
      ))}
    </select>
  );
}

Setting the value for the select

While this approach closely resembles HTML and feels intuitive, there is an easier way to do the same thing. React provides us with a shared API between , , and where we can use value or defaultValue (depending if the input is controlled or not) to set the field's value.

Using this API, we minimize the effort of checking for the selected value, as well as making the code easier to read and update as necessary. Here's an example:

const Select = ({ values, callback, selected }) => {
  return (
    <select
      disabled={disabled}
      readOnly={readonly}
      defaultValue={selected}
      onChange={({ target: { value } }) => callback(value)}>
      {values.map(([value, text]) => (
        <option value={value}>
          {text}
        </option>
      ))}
    </select>
  );
}

Note that the above implementation uses defaultValue, therefore it implies that the component is uncontrolled. You can convert this Select component into a controlled component by using value instead of defaultValue.

For a more detailed explanation of the component, as well as usage examples, you can check out the Select component.

reference: selected-option

Answer 2

Main Point - Controlled Component

You are looking to set up a "Controlled Component". This will require you to set the value on the element as well as handle the on change event to update the value.

https://reactjs.org/docs/forms.html#controlled-components

Examples

https://codepen.io/codyswartz/pen/QWqYNrY

Simple Functional Component Select Example

This also includes a default and grays it out.

const defaultSelectValue = "Select a fruit"

const SelectExample = () => {
  const [selected, setSelected] = useState(defaultSelectValue)

  return (
    <>
      <label htmlFor="fruits">Fruits</label>{' '}
      <select
        id="fruits"
        name="fruits"
        defaultValue={selected}
        style={{ color: selected === defaultSelectValue ? "gray" : "black" }}
        onChange={e => setSelected(e.target.value)}
      >
        <option>{defaultSelectValue}</option>
        <option>Banana</option>
        <option>Apple</option>
        <option>Orange</option>
      </select>

      <h2>Selected: {selected}</h2>
    </>
  )
}

// Usage
<SelectExample />

Dynamic Reusable Example with Default

This would take a collection of strings using the first as a default.

const SelectExample = ({ name, items }) => {
  const defaultSelectValue = items[0]
  const [selected, setSelected] = useState(defaultSelectValue)

  return (
    <>
      <label htmlFor={name}>{name}</label>{' '}
      <select
        id={name}
        name={name}
        defaultValue={selected}
        style={{ color: selected === defaultSelectValue ? "gray" : "black" }}
        onChange={e => setSelected(e.target.value)}
      >
        {items.map(item => (
          <option key={item} value={item}>
            {item}
          </option>
        ))}
      </select>

      <h2>Selected: {selected}</h2>
    </>
  )
}

// Usage
<SelectExample
  name="fruits"
  items={['Select a fruit', 'Banana', 'Apple', 'Orange']}
/>

Answer 3

if you store objects in a state.

class Studentinformation extends Component
{
    constructor(props)
 {
   super(props);
   this.handlechange=this.handlechange.bind(this);
   this.handleSubmit=this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
   
   this.state={Studentinfo:{
          Name:'',
          Skill:'Java',
          Address:''
        }};
 }
 handlechange(event)
 {
   const name=event.target.name;
   const value=event.target.value;

   this.setState({ Studentinfo:
  {
    ...this.state.Studentinfo,
    [name]:[value]
  }});
 }
 handleSubmit(event)
 {
  event.preventDefault();
 }
 render(){
   return (
  <div>
    <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
      <label>Name: <input type="text" name="Name" value={this.state.Studentinfo.Name} onChange={this.handlechange}></input></label>
      <br/>
      <label>Skills: 
        <select value={this.state.Studentinfo.Skill} name="Skill" onChange={this.handlechange}>
          <option value="C++" >C++</option>
          <option value="C#">C#</option>
          <option  value="Java">Java</option>
        </select>
        </label>
        <br/>
        <textarea value={this.state.Studentinfo.Address} onChange={this.handlechange}/>
        <br/>
      <input type="submit" value="Submit"></input>
    </form>
  </div>
   );
 }

}

Answer 4

if you use Stateless then

const IndexPage =({states, selectedState}) => {
return(
    <select id="states" defaultValue={selectedState} name="state">
{states.map(state=> (
                      <option value={state.id} key={state.id}>{state.name}</option>
                      ))
                      }
                    </select>
)
}

Answer 5

I was making a drop-down menu for a language selector - but I needed the dropdown menu to display the current language upon page load. I would either be getting my initial language from a URL param example.com?user_language=fr, or detecting it from the user’s browser settings. Then when the user interacted with the dropdown, the selected language would be updated and the language selector dropdown would display the currently selected language.

Since this whole thread has been giving fruit examples, I got all sorts of fruit goodness for you.

• First up, answering the initially asked question with a basic React functional component - two examples with and without props, then how to import the component elsewhere.

• Next up, the same example - but juiced up with Typescript.

• Then a bonus finale - A language selector dropdown component using Typescript.

---

Basic React (16.13.1) Functional Component Example. Two examples of FruitSelectDropdown , one without props & one with accepting props fruitDetector

import React, { useState } from 'react'

export const FruitSelectDropdown = () => {
  const [currentFruit, setCurrentFruit] = useState('oranges')
  
  const changeFruit = (newFruit) => {
    setCurrentFruit(newFruit)
  }
  
  return (
    <form>
      <select 
        onChange={(event) => changeFruit(event.target.value)}
        value={currentFruit}
      >
        <option value="apples">Red Apples</option>
        <option value="oranges">Outrageous Oranges</option>
        <option value="tomatoes">Technically a Fruit Tomatoes</option>
        <option value="bananas">Bodacious Bananas</option>
      </select>
    </form>
  )
}

Or you can have FruitSelectDropdown accept props, maybe you have a function that outputs a string, you can pass it through using the fruitDetector prop

import React, { useState } from 'react'

export const FruitSelectDropdown = ({ fruitDetector }) => {
  const [currentFruit, setCurrentFruit] = useState(fruitDetector)
  
  const changeFruit = (newFruit) => {
    setCurrentFruit(newFruit)
  }
  
  return (
    <form>
      <select 
        onChange={(event) => changeFruit(event.target.value)}
        value={currentFruit}
      >
        <option value="apples">Red Apples</option>
        <option value="oranges">Outrageous Oranges</option>
        <option value="tomatoes">Technically a Fruit Tomatoes</option>
        <option value="bananas">Bodacious Bananas</option>
      </select>
    </form>
  )
}

Then import the FruitSelectDropdown elsewhere in your app

import React from 'react'
import { FruitSelectDropdown } from '../path/to/FruitSelectDropdown'

const App = () => {
  return (
    <div className="page-container">
      <h1 className="header">A webpage about fruit</h1>
      <div className="section-container">
        <h2>Pick your favorite fruit</h2>
        <FruitSelectDropdown fruitDetector='bananas' />

      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

export default App

---

FruitSelectDropdown with Typescript

import React, { FC, useState } from 'react'

type FruitProps = {
  fruitDetector: string;
}

export const FruitSelectDropdown: FC<FruitProps> = ({ fruitDetector }) => {
  const [currentFruit, setCurrentFruit] = useState(fruitDetector)
  
  const changeFruit = (newFruit: string): void => {
    setCurrentFruit(newFruit)
  }
  
  return (
    <form>
      <select 
        onChange={(event) => changeFruit(event.target.value)}
        value={currentFruit}
      >
        <option value="apples">Red Apples</option>
        <option value="oranges">Outrageous Oranges</option>
        <option value="tomatoes">Technically a Fruit Tomatoes</option>
        <option value="bananas">Bodacious Bananas</option>
      </select>
    </form>
  )
}

Then import the FruitSelectDropdown elsewhere in your app

import React, { FC } from 'react'
import { FruitSelectDropdown } from '../path/to/FruitSelectDropdown'

const App: FC = () => {
  return (
    <div className="page-container">
      <h1 className="header">A webpage about fruit</h1>
      <div className="section-container">
        <h2>Pick your favorite fruit</h2>
        <FruitSelectDropdown fruitDetector='bananas' />

      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

export default App

---

Bonus Round: Translation Dropdown with selected current value:

import React, { FC, useState } from 'react'
import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'

export const LanguageSelectDropdown: FC = () => {
  const { i18n } = useTranslation()
  const i18nLanguage = i18n.language
  const [currentI18nLanguage, setCurrentI18nLanguage] = useState(i18nLanguage)
  
  const changeLanguage = (language: string): void => {
    i18n.changeLanguage(language)
    setCurrentI18nLanguage(language)
  }
  
  return (
    <form>
      <select 
        onChange={(event) => changeLanguage(event.target.value)}
        value={currentI18nLanguage}
      >
        <option value="en">English</option>
        <option value="de">Deutsch</option>
        <option value="es">Español</option>
        <option value="fr">Français</option>
      </select>
    </form>
  )
}

---

An invaluable resource for React/Typescript

Answer 6

Use defaultValue to preselect the values for Select.

<Select defaultValue={[{ value: category.published, label: 'Publish' }]} options={statusOptions} onChange={handleStatusChange} />

Answer 7

With React 16.8. We can do this with hooks like the following example

Codesandbox link

import React, { useState } from "react";
import "./styles.css";

export default function App() {
  const options = [
    "Monty Python and the Holy Grail",
    "Monty Python's Life of Brian",
    "Monty Python's The Meaning of Life"
  ];
  const filmsByTati = [
    {
      id: 1,
      title: "Jour de fête",
      releasedYear: 1949
    },
    {
      id: 2,
      title: "Play time",
      releasedYear: 1967
    },
    {
      id: 3,
      releasedYear: 1958,
      title: "Mon Oncle"
    }
  ];
  const [selectedOption, setSelectedOption] = useState(options[0]);
  const [selectedTatiFilm, setSelectedTatiFilm] = useState(filmsByTati[0]);
  return (
    <div className="App">
      <h1>Select Example</h1>
      <select
        value={selectedOption}
        onChange={(e) => setSelectedOption(e.target.value)}
      >
        {options.map((option) => (
          <option key={option} value={option}>
            {option}
          </option>
        ))}
      </select>
      <span>Selected option: {selectedOption}</span>

      <select
        value={selectedTatiFilm}
        onChange={(e) =>
          setSelectedTatiFilm(
            filmsByTati.find(film => (film.id == e.target.value))
          )
        }
      >
        {filmsByTati.map((film) => (
          <option key={film.id} value={film.id}>
            {film.title}
          </option>
        ))}
      </select>
      <span>Selected option: {selectedTatiFilm.title}</span>
    </div>
  );
}

Answer 8

React makes this even easier for you. Instead of defining selected on each option, you can (and should) simply write value={optionsState} on the select tag itself:

<select value={optionsState}>
  <option value="A">Apple</option>
  <option value="B">Banana</option>
  <option value="C">Cranberry</option>
</select>

For more info, see the React select tag doc.

Also, React automatically understands booleans for this purpose, so you can simply write (note: not recommended)

<option value={option.value} selected={optionsState == option.value}>{option.label}</option>

and it will output 'selected' appropriately.

Answer 9

Here is a complete solution which incorporates the best answer and the comments below it (which might help someone struggling to piece it all together):

UPDATE FOR ES6 (2019) - using arrow functions and object destructuring

in main component:

class ReactMain extends React.Component {

  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = { fruit: props.item.fruit };
  }

  handleChange = (event) => {
    this.setState({ [event.target.name]: event.target.value });
  }

  saveItem = () => {
    const item = {};
    item.fruit = this.state.fruit;
    // do more with item object as required (e.g. save to database)
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <ReactExample name="fruit" value={this.state.fruit} handleChange={this.handleChange} />
    )
  }

}

included component (which is now a stateless functional):

export const ReactExample = ({ name, value, handleChange }) => (
  <select name={name} value={value} onChange={handleChange}>
    <option value="A">Apple</option>
    <option value="B">Banana</option>
    <option value="C">Cranberry</option>
  </select>
)

PREVIOUS ANSWER (using bind):

in main component:

class ReactMain extends React.Component {

  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    // bind once here, better than multiple times in render
    this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
    this.state = { fruit: props.item.fruit };
  }

  handleChange(event) {
    this.setState({ [event.target.name]: event.target.value });
  }

  saveItem() {
    const item = {};
    item.fruit = this.state.fruit;
    // do more with item object as required (e.g. save to database)
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <ReactExample name="fruit" value={this.state.fruit} handleChange={this.handleChange} />
    )
  }

}

included component (which is now a stateless functional):

export const ReactExample = (props) => (
  <select name={props.name} value={props.value} onChange={props.handleChange}>
    <option value="A">Apple</option>
    <option value="B">Banana</option>
    <option value="C">Cranberry</option>
  </select>
)

the main component maintains the selected value for fruit (in state), the included component displays the select element and updates are passed back to the main component to update its state (which then loops back to the included component to change the selected value).

Note the use of a name prop which allows you to declare a single handleChange method for other fields on the same form regardless of their type.

Answer 10

Here is the latest example of how to do it. From react docs, plus auto-binding "fat-arrow" method syntax.

class FlavorForm extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {value: 'coconut'};
  }

  handleChange = (event) =>
    this.setState({value: event.target.value});

  handleSubmit = (event) => {
    alert('Your favorite flavor is: ' + this.state.value);
    event.preventDefault();
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <label>
          Pick your favorite flavor:
          <select value={this.state.value} onChange={this.handleChange}>
            <option value="grapefruit">Grapefruit</option>
            <option value="lime">Lime</option>
            <option value="coconut">Coconut</option>
            <option value="mango">Mango</option>
          </select>
        </label>
        <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
      </form>
    );
  }
} 

Answer 11

I have a simple solution is following the HTML basic.

<input
  type="select"
  defaultValue=""
  >
  <option value="" disabled className="text-hide">Please select</option>
  <option>value1</option>
  <option>value1</option>
</input>

.text-hide is a bootstrap's class, if you not using bootstrap, here you are:

.text-hide {
  font: 0/0 a;
  color: transparent;
  text-shadow: none;
  background-color: transparent;
  border: 0;
}

Answer 12

I got around a similar issue by setting defaultProps:

ComponentName.defaultProps = {
  propName: ''
}

<select value="this.props.propName" ...

So now I avoid errors on compilation if my prop does not exist until mounting.

Answer 13

Simply add as first option of your select tag:

<option disabled hidden value=''></option>

This will become default and when you'll select a valid option will be setted on your state

Answer 14

Posting a similar answer for MULTISELECT / optgroups:

render() {
  return(
    <div>
      <select defaultValue="1" onChange={(e) => this.props.changeHandler(e.target.value) }>
        <option disabled="disabled" value="1" hidden="hidden">-- Select --</option>
        <optgroup label="Group 1">
          {options1}
        </optgroup>
        <optgroup label="Group 2">
          {options2}
        </optgroup>
      </select>
    </div>
  )
}

Answer 15

***Html:***
<div id="divContainer"></div>

var colors = [{ Name: 'Red' }, { Name: 'Green' }, { Name: 'Blue' }];
var selectedColor = 'Green';

ReactDOM.render(<Container></Container>, document.getElementById("divContainer"));

var Container = React.createClass({
    render: function () {
        return (
        <div>            
            <DropDown data={colors} Selected={selectedColor}></DropDown>
        </div>);
    }
});

***Option 1:***
var DropDown = React.createClass(
{
    render: function () {
        var items = this.props.data;
        return (
        <select value={this.props.Selected}>
            {
                items.map(function (item) {
                    return <option value={item.Name }>{item.Name}</option>;
                })
            }
        </select>);
    }
});

***Option 2:***
var DropDown = React.createClass(
{
    render: function () {
        var items = this.props.data;
        return (
        <select>
            {
                items.map(function (item) {
                    return <option value={item.Name} selected={selectedItem == item.Name}>{item.Name}</option>;
                })
            }
        </select>);
    }
});

***Option 3:***
var DropDown = React.createClass(
    {
        render: function () {
            var items = this.props.data;
            return (
            <select>
                {
                    items.map(function (item) {

                                            if (selectedItem == item.Name)
                    return <option value={item.Name } selected>{item.Name}</option>;
                else
                    return <option value={item.Name }>{item.Name}</option>;
                    })
                }
            </select>);
        }
    });

Answer 16

I've had a problem with <select> tags not updating to the correct <option> when the state changes. My problem seemed to be that if you render twice in quick succession, the first time with no pre-selected <option> but the second time with one, then the <select> tag doesn't update on the second render, but stays on the default first .

I found a solution to this using refs. You need to get a reference to your <select> tag node (which might be nested in some component), and then manually update the value property on it, in the componentDidUpdate hook.

componentDidUpdate(){
  let selectNode = React.findDOMNode(this.refs.selectingComponent.refs.selectTag);
  selectNode.value = this.state.someValue;
}

Answer 17

You could do what React warns you when you try to set the "selected" property of the <option>:

Use the defaultValue or value props on <select> instead of setting selected on <option>.

So, you can use options.value on the defaultValue of your select