CODEWITHSUNDEEP
javascripttypestypeof
hojberg
hojberg

Reputation: 1124

How to check if an object is not an array?

So i have a function that needs to check if an argument is an object, but this fails because:

typeof [] // returns 'object'

This is a classic javascript gotcha, but i cant remember what to do to actually accept objects, but not arrays.

Upvotes: 57

Views: 72931

Answers (10)

IliasT
IliasT

Reputation: 4301

To test if something is an instance of an Array:

const arr = [1,2,3];
Array.isArray(arr);  // true

To test is something is an instance of an Object:

const obj = { 1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c' };
obj?.constructor === Object;  // true

Upvotes: 26

Kostanos
Kostanos

Reputation: 10404

There are several answers, and most of them correct. I want to recompile:

To ensure that it is not an array:

assert(typeof myVar === 'object' && !Array.isArray(myVar), 'myVar should be an object and not array');

But what about Map, Set and other system iteration objects? We can test this way, and be sure that it is not an iteration object.

assert(typeof myVar === 'object' && !(Symbol.iterator in myVar), 'myVar should be an object and not iterable');
  • the bad part of this, that if you have your own custom class with iteration, this assert will fail on it

As an alternative you can filter by only Classes (objects) that you are expecting to receive:

const approved = [MyClass.constructor.name, MyAnotherClass.constructor.name];
assert(approve.indexOf(myVar.constructor.name) > -1, 'myVar should be one of the ...');

Upvotes: 1

Joey Dias
Joey Dias

Reputation: 82

please use Object.prototype.toString.call({}).slice(8,-1)==="Object" this works for all datatype you can replace the parameter inside call function and the comparison also to check for different datatypes. it works for null check as well

Upvotes: 0

Anish Nair
Anish Nair

Reputation: 3368

var obj = {first: 'Stack', last: 'Overflow'};
// var obj = ['Stack', 'overflow']; //You can uncomment this line and comment the above to check..

if(Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) !== '[object Array]') {
    //your code..
    var str = '';
    for(var k in obj) {
    	str = str + obj[k] + ' ';
    }
    console.log('I love ', str);
    alert('I love ' + str);
} else {
	console.log('Could not process. Probably an array');
  alert('Could not process. Probably an array');
}

console.log('Length is: ', Object.keys(obj).length);
alert('Length is: ' + Object.keys(obj).length);

Let input be an Array or an Object

To check if an object is an Array
if(Object.prototype.toString.call(input) === '[object Array]') {}

To check if an object is an Object
if(Object.prototype.toString.call(input) === '[object Object]') {}


Please note Object.keys(input).length will return you the length for both Array and Object.

JS Fiddle example for the same

Upvotes: 0

JoeLoco
JoeLoco

Reputation: 2204

Look this package

Verify if a given object is not an array for old browsers

https://www.npmjs.com/package/notisarray

Upvotes: 0

Tomas Vana
Tomas Vana

Reputation: 18775

Try something like this :

obj.constructor.toString().indexOf("Array") != -1

or (even better)

obj instanceof Array

Upvotes: 60

Arley Triana Morin
Arley Triana Morin

Reputation: 955

To determine whether a given object is an array, ECMAScript 5 introduces the Array.isArray() method, which is currently supported across all modern browsers. Refer to this ECMAScript compatibility table.

To determine the class of a particular object, you can use the Object.prototype.toString() method.

Object.prototype.toString.call({}); // "[object Object]"
Object.prototype.toString.call([]); // "[object Array]"

Upvotes: 11

Andrew Hedges
Andrew Hedges

Reputation: 21796

For what it's worth, here is how jQuery checks whether something is an array:

isArray: function( arr ) {
    return !!arr && arr.constructor == Array;
}

But, this article recommends doing it like this:

function isArray(o) {
    return Object.prototype.toString.call(o) === '[object Array]';
}

Upvotes: 5

Arnold Zokas
Arnold Zokas

Reputation: 8560

Have you tried this:

var test = [];
if(test instanceof Array) {
 ...
}

EDIT: This method doesn't work in multi-frame DOM environments (‘typeof’ considered useless - or how to write robust type checks). (via Pointy)

Upvotes: 2

Pointy
Pointy

Reputation: 413737

All these answers suggesting that you check to see (one way or another) if an object is an instance of the "Array" class (that is, constructed by "Array") are really not safe solutions. They'll work sometimes, maybe most of the time, but all the major frameworks have moved away from that approach. One of the main problems with it comes about when there's interaction between multiple windows (generally, a parent window and one or more frame or iframe windows). If you pass an array object created in one window into an API resident in another window, all these tests will fail. Why? Because what you're testing is whether an object is an instance of the "Array" class in your local window context. In other words, when you reference "Array" in

if (myobject instanceof Array) { ... }

what you're referencing is window.Array, of course. Well, an array constructed in another window is not going to be an instance of the Array class in your window!

Checking the constructor name is probably a little safer, though it's still risky. In my opinion, you're better off taking a duck-typing approach. That is, instead of asking, "Is this an Array?" ask instead, "does this object seem to support some particular set of Array APIs I need in this circumstance?" For example, "does this object have a length property?" Javascript is a pretty "soft" language, and just about everything's mutable. Thus even if you do find out something was constructed by "Array", you still really don't know for sure what you can do with it or to it.

[edit] Thanks for that link, @Lachlan - here's a very clear description of the issues: http://juhukinners.com/2009/01/11/typeof-considered-useless-or-how-to-write-robust-type-checks/

Upvotes: 23

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