CODEWITHSUNDEEP
c++class
Naga
Naga

Reputation: 517

Why are data members private by default in C++?

Is there any particular reason that all data members in a class are private by default in C++?

Upvotes: 13

Views: 22054

Answers (5)

paxdiablo
paxdiablo

Reputation: 881193

Because it's better to be properly encapsulated and only open up the things that are needed, as opposed to having everything open by default and having to close it.

Encapsulation (information hiding) is a good thing and, like security (for example, the locking down of network services), the default should be towards good rather than bad.

Upvotes: 17

Ben Voigt
Ben Voigt

Reputation: 283614

Because otherwise there would be no difference at all between class and struct?

Upvotes: 6

Nick Dandoulakis
Nick Dandoulakis

Reputation: 43110

The Design and Evolution of C++

2.10 The Protection Model

Before starting work on C with Classes, I worked with operating systems. The notions of protection from the Cambridge CAP computer and similar systems - rather than any work in programming languages - inspired the C++ protection mechanisms. The class is the unit of protection and the fundamental rule is that you cannot grant yourself access to a class; only the declarations placed in the class declaration (supposedly by its owner) can grant access. By default, all information is private.

Upvotes: 18

Michael Burr
Michael Burr

Reputation: 340188

The reasoning is that the public parts of a class should be explicitly made public.

The interesting thing about this (to me anyway) is that the first line after the opening brace of many, many class definitions is public:. Most readers of a class are interested in the public bits, since that's what they interact with, and so many class definitions have their public bits first anyway.

C++'s access specifiers apply to the range that follows them - I think Java and C#'s technique of having each member to specify the visibility of the member (with a sensible default) is preferable.

Upvotes: 4

Barry Wark
Barry Wark

Reputation: 107754

In a word, encapsulation. The goal is to have private implementation details (such as data members) be private. Only explicitly public API is made available to clients of the class.

Upvotes: 3

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