CODEWITHSUNDEEP
rplotdataframe
Alna
Alna

Reputation: 67

R: graph multiple columns on one line

This seems simple, but I've tried multiple variations of matplot, ggplot2, regular old plot...I can't get any to do what I need.

I have a gigantic dataframe of years, months, and observations. I simplified it down to number of observations per month, per year, see below. I'm not sure why it read in with the "X" in front of each column heading, but if it's not going to affect the code, right now I don't care. 

head(storms)

X Month X1992 X1993 X1994 
1 1     1     2     1    
2 2     2     4     1    
3 3     3    26    10   
4 4     4    47    26 
5 5     5   969   615

The full (simplified) set is 10 columns of years (1992-2001), each with 12 months/rows of totals (1 storm in Jan 1992, 26 storms in March 1993...). I need simply to plot these all on an x-axis 120 months long, # of observations per month on the y-axis. It could be a line or bars or vertical lines. I've seen many ways to plot 20 lines with 12 months on the x-axis; that is not what I'm going for. I also need to label the years every 12 months, but I think I can figure that out after I get this block out of the way.

In other words (I hope this is more clear if the previous is not):

I know I'm just thinking about it wrong, could someone please set my head straight?

(first post; please also tell me if I'm not formatting or inquiring properly!)

Upvotes: 1

Views: 769

Answers (2)

digEmAll
digEmAll

Reputation: 57220

Here's an example using base R :

# create an example data
set.seed(123)
df <- data.frame(Month=1:12)
for(y in 1992:2001){
  tmp <- data.frame(X=as.integer(abs(rnorm(12,mean=2,sd=10))))
  colnames(tmp) <- paste("X",y,sep="")
  df <- cbind(df,tmp)
}

# reshape to long format (one column with n.of storms, and period columns)
long <- reshape(df[,-1], idvar="Month", ids=df$Month, 
        times=names(df[,-1]), timevar="Year",
        varying = list(names(df[,-1])), 
        direction = "long",v.names="Storms")

# remove the "X" from the year
long$Year <- substr(long$Year,2,nchar(long$Year))

nYears <- length(unique(long$Year))

# plot the line
plot(x=1:nrow(long),y=long$Storms,type="l",
     xaxt="n",main="Monthly Storms",
     xlab="Period",ylab="Storms",col="RoyalBlue")

# add custom labels
axis(1,at=((1:nYears)*12)-6,labels=unique(long$Year))

# add vertical lines
abline(v=c(0.5,((1:nYears)*12)+0.5),col="Gray80",lty=2)

Result :

enter image description here

Upvotes: 1

jazzurro
jazzurro

Reputation: 23574

enter image description hereis this something you are looking for? If I am not mistaken, you may want to rearrange your data frame. You wanna make your data frame longer rather than wider. Then, you can draw a figure. The thing is that you have 120 month. So you may need to think plot space issue. But at least this example let you move forward. I hope this helps you.

library(tidyr)
library(ggplot2)

# Create a sample data
month <- rep(c(1:12), each = 1, times = 2)
nintytwo <-  runif(24, 0, 20)
nintythree <-  runif(24, 0, 20)

# Crate a data frame
ana <- data.frame(month, nintytwo, nintythree)

# Make the data longer rather than wider.
bob <- gather(ana, year, value, -month)
bob$month <- as.factor(bob$month)

# Draw a firure
cathy <- ggplot(bob, aes(x= year,y = value, fill = month)) + geom_bar(stat="identity", position="dodge")
cathy

Upvotes: 1

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