CODEWITHSUNDEEP
jsonjsonschema
javadev
javadev

Reputation: 221

How to define choice element in json schema when elements are optional?

------------Josn schema-----------

{
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
        "street_address": {
            "type": "string"
        },
        "city": {
            "type": "string"
        },
        "state": {
            "type": "string"
        }
    },
    "required": [
        "street_address"
    ],
    "additionalProperties": false
}

In above schema i want to create a choice between city and state. That is either city or state can come in json. So that below json would be invalid 

{
    "street_address": "abc",
    "city": "anv",
    "state": "opi"
}

and below one should be valid one

{
    "street_address": "abc"
}

or

{
    "street_address": "abc",
    "city": "anv"
}

or

{
    "street_address": "abc",
    "state": "opi"
}

Can some one please help me to modify above schema to accomplish the goal.

Upvotes: 14

Views: 21587

Answers (4)

Martin Zugnoni
Martin Zugnoni

Reputation: 1439

I found the enum property useful for this use case.

Example:

schema = {
    "type": "array", 
    "items": {
        "enum": ["choice1", "choice2"]
    }
}

validate(
    instance=["choice1"], 
    schema=schema
)
# all good

validate(
    instance=["something-else"], 
    schema=schema
)
# ValidationError

Reference: https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining.html#combining-schemas

Hope it helps.

Upvotes: 4

Rob
Rob

Reputation: 198

Here is a schema that satisfies all four conditions:

    {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
            "street_address": {
                "type": "string"
            },
            "city": {
                "type": "string"
            },
            "state": {
                "type": "string"
            }
        },
        "required": [
            "street_address"
        ],
        "anyOf": [{}, {
            "required": ["city"]
        }, {
            "required": ["state"]
        }],
        "not": {
            "required": ["city", "state"]
        },
        "additionalProperties": false
    }

Upvotes: 4

jruizaranguren
jruizaranguren

Reputation: 13615

Use "oneOf" when only one of the alternatives should hold, and "anyOf" when at least one of the alternatives should hold.

You don't need to repeat common properties within oneOf. The shortest way to accomplish your goal would be:

{
    "type" : "object",
    "properties" : {
        "street_address" : {
            "type" : "string"
        },
        "city" : {
            "type" : "string"
        },
        "state" : {
            "type" : "string"
        }
    },
    "oneOf" : [{
            "required" : ["city"]
        }, {
            "required" : ["state"]
        }
    ],
    "required" : [
        "street_address"
    ],
    "additionalProperties" : false
}

Upvotes: 13

Bill Sourour
Bill Sourour

Reputation: 1186

You would need to use "oneOf". Like so:

{
    "type": "object",
    "oneOf": [
        {
            "properties": {
                "street_address": {
                    "type": "string"
                },
                "city": {
                    "type": "string"
                }
            },
            "required": [
                "street_address"
            ]
        },
        {
            "properties": {
                "street_address": {
                    "type": "string"
                },
                "state": {
                    "type": "string"
                }
            },
            "required": [
                "street_address"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

You'll notice, it's a bit repetitive. Since, in your example, you only provide a "type" for each property, the repetition is not so bad. But if you have more complex properties, you could consider using deifinitions to define each property only once, at the top and then using $ref to reference the definition. Here's a good article on that.

Upvotes: 1

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