Reputation: 7067
I want to learn the best/simplest way to turn a string into another string but with only a subset, starting at the beginning and going to the last index of a character.
For example, convert "www.stackoverflow.com" to "www.stackoverflow". What code snippet would do that, and being the most swift-like? (I hope this doesn't bring a debate, but I can't find good lesson on how to handle substrings in Swift.
Upvotes: 121
Views: 163365
Reputation: 592
Approach 1:
var myString = "abcde"
var subString = myString[2,4] // The result will be "cde"
extension String {
subscript(startIndex: Int, endIndex: Int) -> String {
let start = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: startIndex)
let end = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: endIndex)
let range = start...end
return String(self[range])
}
}
Approach 2:
let string = "stackoverflow"
let array = Array(string)
let substring = array[5...7].map(String.init).joined() // The result will be "ove"
Upvotes: 1
Reputation: 236350
edit/update:
In Swift 4 or later (Xcode 10.0+) you can use the new BidirectionalCollection method lastIndex(of:)
func lastIndex(of element: Self.Element) -> Self.Index?
let string = "www.stackoverflow.com"
if let lastIndex = string.lastIndex(of: ".") {
let subString = string[..<lastIndex] // "www.stackoverflow"
}
Upvotes: 16
Reputation: 1043
func lastIndexOfCharacter(_ c: Character) -> Int? {
return range(of: String(c), options: .backwards)?.lowerBound.encodedOffset
}
Since advancedBy(Int)
is gone since Swift 3 use String
's method index(String.Index, Int)
. Check out this String
extension with substring and friends:
public extension String {
//right is the first encountered string after left
func between(_ left: String, _ right: String) -> String? {
guard let leftRange = range(of: left), let rightRange = range(of: right, options: .backwards)
, leftRange.upperBound <= rightRange.lowerBound
else { return nil }
let sub = self.substring(from: leftRange.upperBound)
let closestToLeftRange = sub.range(of: right)!
return sub.substring(to: closestToLeftRange.lowerBound)
}
var length: Int {
get {
return self.characters.count
}
}
func substring(to : Int) -> String {
let toIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: to)
return self.substring(to: toIndex)
}
func substring(from : Int) -> String {
let fromIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: from)
return self.substring(from: fromIndex)
}
func substring(_ r: Range<Int>) -> String {
let fromIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)
let toIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound)
return self.substring(with: Range<String.Index>(uncheckedBounds: (lower: fromIndex, upper: toIndex)))
}
func character(_ at: Int) -> Character {
return self[self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: at)]
}
func lastIndexOfCharacter(_ c: Character) -> Int? {
guard let index = range(of: String(c), options: .backwards)?.lowerBound else
{ return nil }
return distance(from: startIndex, to: index)
}
}
public extension String {
//right is the first encountered string after left
func between(_ left: String, _ right: String) -> String? {
guard
let leftRange = range(of: left), let rightRange = range(of: right, options: .backwards)
, leftRange.upperBound <= rightRange.lowerBound
else { return nil }
let sub = self[leftRange.upperBound...]
let closestToLeftRange = sub.range(of: right)!
return String(sub[..<closestToLeftRange.lowerBound])
}
var length: Int {
get {
return self.count
}
}
func substring(to : Int) -> String {
let toIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: to)
return String(self[...toIndex])
}
func substring(from : Int) -> String {
let fromIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: from)
return String(self[fromIndex...])
}
func substring(_ r: Range<Int>) -> String {
let fromIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)
let toIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound)
let indexRange = Range<String.Index>(uncheckedBounds: (lower: fromIndex, upper: toIndex))
return String(self[indexRange])
}
func character(_ at: Int) -> Character {
return self[self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: at)]
}
func lastIndexOfCharacter(_ c: Character) -> Int? {
guard let index = range(of: String(c), options: .backwards)?.lowerBound else
{ return nil }
return distance(from: startIndex, to: index)
}
}
Usage:
let text = "www.stackoverflow.com"
let at = text.character(3) // .
let range = text.substring(0..<3) // www
let from = text.substring(from: 4) // stackoverflow.com
let to = text.substring(to: 16) // www.stackoverflow
let between = text.between(".", ".") // stackoverflow
let substringToLastIndexOfChar = text.lastIndexOfCharacter(".") // 17
P.S. It's really odd that developers forced to deal with String.Index
instead of plain Int
. Why should we bother about internal String
mechanics and not just have simple substring()
methods?
Upvotes: 33
Reputation: 373
var url = "www.stackoverflow.com"
let str = path.suffix(3)
print(str) //low
Upvotes: 0
Reputation: 6166
The one thing that adds clatter is the repeated stringVar
:
stringVar[stringVar.index(stringVar.startIndex, offsetBy: ...)
In Swift 4
An extension can reduce some of that:
extension String {
func index(at location: Int) -> String.Index {
return self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: location)
}
}
Then, usage:
let string = "abcde"
let to = string[..<string.index(at: 3)] // abc
let from = string[string.index(at: 3)...] // de
It should be noted that to
and from
are type Substring
(or String.SubSequance
). They do not allocate new strings and are more efficient for processing.
To get back a String
type, Substring
needs to be casted back to String
:
let backToString = String(from)
This is where a string is finally allocated.
Upvotes: 7
Reputation: 833
In Swift 5
We need String.Index
instead of simple Int value to represent Index.
Also remember, when we try to get subString from Swift String
(value type), we actually have to iterate with Sequence
protocol, which returns String.SubSequence
type instead of String
type.
To get back String
from String.SubSequence
, use String(subString)
Example As Below:
let string = "https://stackoverflow.com"
let firstIndex = String.Index(utf16Offset: 0, in: string)
let lastIndex = String.Index(utf16Offset: 6, in: string)
let subString = String(string[firstIndex...lastIndex])
Upvotes: 3
Reputation: 436
Try this Int-based
workaround:
extension String {
// start and end is included
func intBasedSubstring(_ start: Int, _ end: Int) -> String {
let endOffset: Int = -(count - end - 1)
let startIdx = self.index(startIndex, offsetBy: start)
let endIdx = self.index(endIndex, offsetBy: endOffset)
return String(self[startIdx..<endIdx])
}
}
Note: It's just a practice. It doesn't check the boundary. Modify to suit your needs.
Upvotes: 1
Reputation: 8387
Swift 4:
extension String {
/// the length of the string
var length: Int {
return self.characters.count
}
/// Get substring, e.g. "ABCDE".substring(index: 2, length: 3) -> "CDE"
///
/// - parameter index: the start index
/// - parameter length: the length of the substring
///
/// - returns: the substring
public func substring(index: Int, length: Int) -> String {
if self.length <= index {
return ""
}
let leftIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: index)
if self.length <= index + length {
return self.substring(from: leftIndex)
}
let rightIndex = self.index(self.endIndex, offsetBy: -(self.length - index - length))
return self.substring(with: leftIndex..<rightIndex)
}
/// Get substring, e.g. -> "ABCDE".substring(left: 0, right: 2) -> "ABC"
///
/// - parameter left: the start index
/// - parameter right: the end index
///
/// - returns: the substring
public func substring(left: Int, right: Int) -> String {
if length <= left {
return ""
}
let leftIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: left)
if length <= right {
return self.substring(from: leftIndex)
}
else {
let rightIndex = self.index(self.endIndex, offsetBy: -self.length + right + 1)
return self.substring(with: leftIndex..<rightIndex)
}
}
}
you can test it as follows:
print("test: " + String("ABCDE".substring(index: 2, length: 3) == "CDE"))
print("test: " + String("ABCDE".substring(index: 0, length: 3) == "ABC"))
print("test: " + String("ABCDE".substring(index: 2, length: 1000) == "CDE"))
print("test: " + String("ABCDE".substring(left: 0, right: 2) == "ABC"))
print("test: " + String("ABCDE".substring(left: 1, right: 3) == "BCD"))
print("test: " + String("ABCDE".substring(left: 3, right: 1000) == "DE"))
Check https://gitlab.com/seriyvolk83/SwiftEx library. It contains these and other helpful methods.
Upvotes: 6
Reputation: 15748
I would do it using a subscript (s[start..<end]
):
let s = "www.stackoverflow.com"
let start = s.startIndex
let end = s.index(s.endIndex, offsetBy: -4)
let substring = s[start..<end] // www.stackoverflow
Upvotes: 22
Reputation: 839
I also build a simple String-extension for Swift 4:
extension String {
func subStr(s: Int, l: Int) -> String { //s=start, l=lenth
let r = Range(NSRange(location: s, length: l))!
let fromIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)
let toIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound)
let indexRange = Range<String.Index>(uncheckedBounds: (lower: fromIndex, upper: toIndex))
return String(self[indexRange])
}
}
So you can easily call it like this:
"Hallo world".subStr(s: 1, l: 3) //prints --> "all"
Upvotes: 1
Reputation: 7582
The best way is to use substringToIndex
combined to the endIndex
property and the advance
global function.
var string1 = "www.stackoverflow.com"
var index1 = advance(string1.endIndex, -4)
var substring1 = string1.substringToIndex(index1)
Use rangeOfString
and set options
to .BackwardsSearch
var string2 = "www.stackoverflow.com"
var index2 = string2.rangeOfString(".", options: .BackwardsSearch)?.startIndex
var substring2 = string2.substringToIndex(index2!)
No extensions, pure idiomatic Swift
advance
is now a part of Index
and is called advancedBy
. You do it like:
var string1 = "www.stackoverflow.com"
var index1 = string1.endIndex.advancedBy(-4)
var substring1 = string1.substringToIndex(index1)
You can't call advancedBy
on a String
because it has variable size elements. You have to use index(_, offsetBy:)
.
var string1 = "www.stackoverflow.com"
var index1 = string1.index(string1.endIndex, offsetBy: -4)
var substring1 = string1.substring(to: index1)
A lot of things have been renamed. The cases are written in camelCase, startIndex
became lowerBound
.
var string2 = "www.stackoverflow.com"
var index2 = string2.range(of: ".", options: .backwards)?.lowerBound
var substring2 = string2.substring(to: index2!)
Also, I wouldn't recommend force unwrapping index2
. You can use optional binding or map
. Personally, I prefer using map
:
var substring3 = index2.map(string2.substring(to:))
The Swift 3 version is still valid but now you can now use subscripts with indexes ranges:
let string1 = "www.stackoverflow.com"
let index1 = string1.index(string1.endIndex, offsetBy: -4)
let substring1 = string1[..<index1]
The second approach remains unchanged:
let string2 = "www.stackoverflow.com"
let index2 = string2.range(of: ".", options: .backwards)?.lowerBound
let substring3 = index2.map(string2.substring(to:))
Upvotes: 208
Reputation: 1
Here is a simple way to get substring in Swift
import UIKit
var str = "Hello, playground"
var res = NSString(string: str)
print(res.substring(from: 4))
print(res.substring(to: 10))
Upvotes: -1
Reputation: 10185
You can use these extensions:
Swift 2.3
extension String
{
func substringFromIndex(index: Int) -> String
{
if (index < 0 || index > self.characters.count)
{
print("index \(index) out of bounds")
return ""
}
return self.substringFromIndex(self.startIndex.advancedBy(index))
}
func substringToIndex(index: Int) -> String
{
if (index < 0 || index > self.characters.count)
{
print("index \(index) out of bounds")
return ""
}
return self.substringToIndex(self.startIndex.advancedBy(index))
}
func substringWithRange(start: Int, end: Int) -> String
{
if (start < 0 || start > self.characters.count)
{
print("start index \(start) out of bounds")
return ""
}
else if end < 0 || end > self.characters.count
{
print("end index \(end) out of bounds")
return ""
}
let range = Range(start: self.startIndex.advancedBy(start), end: self.startIndex.advancedBy(end))
return self.substringWithRange(range)
}
func substringWithRange(start: Int, location: Int) -> String
{
if (start < 0 || start > self.characters.count)
{
print("start index \(start) out of bounds")
return ""
}
else if location < 0 || start + location > self.characters.count
{
print("end index \(start + location) out of bounds")
return ""
}
let range = Range(start: self.startIndex.advancedBy(start), end: self.startIndex.advancedBy(start + location))
return self.substringWithRange(range)
}
}
Swift 3
extension String
{
func substring(from index: Int) -> String
{
if (index < 0 || index > self.characters.count)
{
print("index \(index) out of bounds")
return ""
}
return self.substring(from: self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: index))
}
func substring(to index: Int) -> String
{
if (index < 0 || index > self.characters.count)
{
print("index \(index) out of bounds")
return ""
}
return self.substring(to: self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: index))
}
func substring(start: Int, end: Int) -> String
{
if (start < 0 || start > self.characters.count)
{
print("start index \(start) out of bounds")
return ""
}
else if end < 0 || end > self.characters.count
{
print("end index \(end) out of bounds")
return ""
}
let startIndex = self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: start)
let endIndex = self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: end)
let range = startIndex..<endIndex
return self.substring(with: range)
}
func substring(start: Int, location: Int) -> String
{
if (start < 0 || start > self.characters.count)
{
print("start index \(start) out of bounds")
return ""
}
else if location < 0 || start + location > self.characters.count
{
print("end index \(start + location) out of bounds")
return ""
}
let startIndex = self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: start)
let endIndex = self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: start + location)
let range = startIndex..<endIndex
return self.substring(with: range)
}
}
Usage:
let string = "www.stackoverflow.com"
let substring = string.substringToIndex(string.characters.count-4)
Upvotes: 6
Reputation: 13718
Swift 3
let string = "www.stackoverflow.com"
let first3Characters = String(string.characters.prefix(3)) // www
let lastCharacters = string.characters.dropFirst(4) // stackoverflow.com (it would be a collection)
//or by index
let indexOfFouthCharacter = olNumber.index(olNumber.startIndex, offsetBy: 4)
let first3Characters = olNumber.substring(to: indexOfFouthCharacter) // www
let lastCharacters = olNumber.substring(from: indexOfFouthCharacter) // .stackoverflow.com
Good article for understanding, why do we need this
Upvotes: 4
Reputation: 32459
Here's an easy and short way to get a substring if you know the index:
let s = "www.stackoverflow.com"
let result = String(s.characters.prefix(17)) // "www.stackoverflow"
It won't crash the app if your index exceeds string's length:
let s = "short"
let result = String(s.characters.prefix(17)) // "short"
Both examples are Swift 3 ready.
Upvotes: 5
Reputation: 1957
I've modified andrewz' post to make it compatible with Swift 2.0 (and maybe Swift 3.0). In my humble opinion, this extension is easier to understand and similar to what is available in other languages (like PHP).
extension String {
func length() -> Int {
return self.lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding(NSUTF16StringEncoding)
}
func substring(from:Int = 0, to:Int = -1) -> String {
var nto=to
if nto < 0 {
nto = self.length() + nto
}
return self.substringWithRange(Range<String.Index>(
start:self.startIndex.advancedBy(from),
end:self.startIndex.advancedBy(nto+1)))
}
func substring(from:Int = 0, length:Int) -> String {
return self.substringWithRange(Range<String.Index>(
start:self.startIndex.advancedBy(from),
end:self.startIndex.advancedBy(from+length)))
}
}
Upvotes: 0
Reputation: 5172
Swift 2.0 The code below is tested on XCode 7.2 . Please refer to the attached screenshot at the bottom
import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
var mainText = "http://stackoverflow.com"
var range = Range(start: mainText.startIndex.advancedBy(7), end: mainText.startIndex.advancedBy(24))
var subText = mainText.substringWithRange(range)
//OR Else use below for LAST INDEX
range = Range(start: mainText.startIndex.advancedBy(7), end: mainText.endIndex)
subText = mainText.substringWithRange(range)
}
}
Upvotes: 2
Reputation: 5220
I've extended String with two substring methods. You can call substring with a from/to range or from/length like so:
var bcd = "abcdef".substring(1,to:3)
var cde = "abcdef".substring(2,to:-2)
var cde = "abcdef".substring(2,length:3)
extension String {
public func substring(from:Int = 0, var to:Int = -1) -> String {
if to < 0 {
to = self.length + to
}
return self.substringWithRange(Range<String.Index>(
start:self.startIndex.advancedBy(from),
end:self.startIndex.advancedBy(to+1)))
}
public func substring(from:Int = 0, length:Int) -> String {
return self.substringWithRange(Range<String.Index>(
start:self.startIndex.advancedBy(from),
end:self.startIndex.advancedBy(from+length)))
}
}
Upvotes: 3
Reputation: 92419
Do you want to get a substring of a string from start index to the last index of one of its characters? If so, you may choose one of the following Swift 2.0+ methods.
Foundation
Get a substring that includes the last index of a character:
import Foundation
let string = "www.stackoverflow.com"
if let rangeOfIndex = string.rangeOfCharacterFromSet(NSCharacterSet(charactersInString: "."), options: .BackwardsSearch) {
print(string.substringToIndex(rangeOfIndex.endIndex))
}
// prints "www.stackoverflow."
Get a substring that DOES NOT include the last index of a character:
import Foundation
let string = "www.stackoverflow.com"
if let rangeOfIndex = string.rangeOfCharacterFromSet(NSCharacterSet(charactersInString: "."), options: .BackwardsSearch) {
print(string.substringToIndex(rangeOfIndex.startIndex))
}
// prints "www.stackoverflow"
If you need to repeat those operations, extending String
can be a good solution:
import Foundation
extension String {
func substringWithLastInstanceOf(character: Character) -> String? {
if let rangeOfIndex = rangeOfCharacterFromSet(NSCharacterSet(charactersInString: String(character)), options: .BackwardsSearch) {
return self.substringToIndex(rangeOfIndex.endIndex)
}
return nil
}
func substringWithoutLastInstanceOf(character: Character) -> String? {
if let rangeOfIndex = rangeOfCharacterFromSet(NSCharacterSet(charactersInString: String(character)), options: .BackwardsSearch) {
return self.substringToIndex(rangeOfIndex.startIndex)
}
return nil
}
}
print("www.stackoverflow.com".substringWithLastInstanceOf("."))
print("www.stackoverflow.com".substringWithoutLastInstanceOf("."))
/*
prints:
Optional("www.stackoverflow.")
Optional("www.stackoverflow")
*/
Foundation
Get a substring that includes the last index of a character:
let string = "www.stackoverflow.com"
if let reverseIndex = string.characters.reverse().indexOf(".") {
print(string[string.startIndex ..< reverseIndex.base])
}
// prints "www.stackoverflow."
Get a substring that DOES NOT include the last index of a character:
let string = "www.stackoverflow.com"
if let reverseIndex = string.characters.reverse().indexOf(".") {
print(string[string.startIndex ..< reverseIndex.base.advancedBy(-1)])
}
// prints "www.stackoverflow"
If you need to repeat those operations, extending String
can be a good solution:
extension String {
func substringWithLastInstanceOf(character: Character) -> String? {
if let reverseIndex = characters.reverse().indexOf(".") {
return self[self.startIndex ..< reverseIndex.base]
}
return nil
}
func substringWithoutLastInstanceOf(character: Character) -> String? {
if let reverseIndex = characters.reverse().indexOf(".") {
return self[self.startIndex ..< reverseIndex.base.advancedBy(-1)]
}
return nil
}
}
print("www.stackoverflow.com".substringWithLastInstanceOf("."))
print("www.stackoverflow.com".substringWithoutLastInstanceOf("."))
/*
prints:
Optional("www.stackoverflow.")
Optional("www.stackoverflow")
*/
Upvotes: 5
Reputation: 6933
For Swift 2.0, it's like this:
var string1 = "www.stackoverflow.com"
var index1 = string1.endIndex.advancedBy(-4)
var substring1 = string1.substringToIndex(index1)
Upvotes: 0
Reputation: 41
func substr(myString: String, start: Int, clen: Int)->String
{
var index2 = string1.startIndex.advancedBy(start)
var substring2 = string1.substringFromIndex(index2)
var index1 = substring2.startIndex.advancedBy(clen)
var substring1 = substring2.substringToIndex(index1)
return substring1
}
substr(string1, start: 3, clen: 5)
Upvotes: 4
Reputation: 51911
String
has builtin substring feature:
extension String : Sliceable {
subscript (subRange: Range<String.Index>) -> String { get }
}
If what you want is "going to the first index of a character", you can get the substring using builtin find()
function:
var str = "www.stackexchange.com"
str[str.startIndex ..< find(str, ".")!] // -> "www"
To find last index, we can implement findLast()
.
/// Returns the last index where `value` appears in `domain` or `nil` if
/// `value` is not found.
///
/// Complexity: O(\ `countElements(domain)`\ )
func findLast<C: CollectionType where C.Generator.Element: Equatable>(domain: C, value: C.Generator.Element) -> C.Index? {
var last:C.Index? = nil
for i in domain.startIndex..<domain.endIndex {
if domain[i] == value {
last = i
}
}
return last
}
let str = "www.stackexchange.com"
let substring = map(findLast(str, ".")) { str[str.startIndex ..< $0] } // as String?
// if "." is found, substring has some, otherwise `nil`
ADDED:
Maybe, BidirectionalIndexType
specialized version of findLast
is faster:
func findLast<C: CollectionType where C.Generator.Element: Equatable, C.Index: BidirectionalIndexType>(domain: C, value: C.Generator.Element) -> C.Index? {
for i in lazy(domain.startIndex ..< domain.endIndex).reverse() {
if domain[i] == value {
return i
}
}
return nil
}
Upvotes: 6
Reputation: 35443
Here's how I do it. You could do it the same way, or use this code for ideas.
let s = "www.stackoverflow.com"
s.substringWithRange(0..<s.lastIndexOf("."))
Here are the extensions I use:
import Foundation
extension String {
var length: Int {
get {
return countElements(self)
}
}
func indexOf(target: String) -> Int {
var range = self.rangeOfString(target)
if let range = range {
return distance(self.startIndex, range.startIndex)
} else {
return -1
}
}
func indexOf(target: String, startIndex: Int) -> Int {
var startRange = advance(self.startIndex, startIndex)
var range = self.rangeOfString(target, options: NSStringCompareOptions.LiteralSearch, range: Range<String.Index>(start: startRange, end: self.endIndex))
if let range = range {
return distance(self.startIndex, range.startIndex)
} else {
return -1
}
}
func lastIndexOf(target: String) -> Int {
var index = -1
var stepIndex = self.indexOf(target)
while stepIndex > -1 {
index = stepIndex
if stepIndex + target.length < self.length {
stepIndex = indexOf(target, startIndex: stepIndex + target.length)
} else {
stepIndex = -1
}
}
return index
}
func substringWithRange(range:Range<Int>) -> String {
let start = advance(self.startIndex, range.startIndex)
let end = advance(self.startIndex, range.endIndex)
return self.substringWithRange(start..<end)
}
}
Credit albertbori / Common Swift String Extensions
Generally I am a strong proponent of extensions, especially for needs like string manipulation, searching, and slicing.
Upvotes: 9