CODEWITHSUNDEEP
javascriptnode.jsmongooseproperties
Thiago Loddi
Thiago Loddi

Reputation: 2340

mongoose .find() method returns object with unwanted properties

so, I've been working with mongoose for some time and I found some really weird stuff going on. It would be great if someone could enlighten me.

The thing is, when using the .find() method of mongoose, the object I get as response is full of properties I don't know where It came from (I'm guessing they are built-in properties, but whatever) and I want to iterate only through the properties I .select(). Got it? No? ok... explaining better:

I have my schema and model declared:

var mySchema = mongoose.Schema({
  name: String,
  prop1: String,
  prop2: String,
  prop3: String
})
var myModel = DB.model('myDataBase', mySchema)

Then I want to find a document with the name, let's say, John and retrieve all but the 'name' field, so I go:

myModel.find({name: 'John'}, '-name', function(err, results){
  log(results[0])
}

and log(results[0]) logs

{ prop1: 'one',
  prop2: 'two',
  prop3: 'three' }

So far, so good. But the problems is, now I want to iterate through these properties and check one by one, and I don't know for sure how many 'props' each result will have, so I wanted to do something like:

for(var key in results[0]){
  log(key)
}

So, I'm hoping it will log 'prop1', 'prop2' and 'prop3', but no! Ok, I get props 1, 2 and 3, but also I get a lots of other properties and functions like: isNew, error, _maxListeners, _doc, etc. Not only these extras properties, I also get the 'name' property, the one I excluded from the selection (and it was excluded, like shown in the first log). Weird huh?

But wait! There's more! I've searched online and found some people saying "Dude, when iterating through object properties use the hasOwnProperty method!". So there I went:

for (var key in results[0]){
  if (results[0].hasOwnProperty(key)) log(key)
}

the log result is a few properties (to be specific: $__, isNew, error, _maxListeners, _doc, _pres, _posts, save, _events) and doesnt include any of the props I wanted in the first place.

My question is, how can I iterate through only prop 1, 2 and 3, excluding these, I don't know, built-in properties and the one I explicitly excluded in the parameters? (ps: I was thinking of a solution that doesnt involve having to convert my object into an array, if thats possible)

Also, not a question per se, but for curiosity, where does these properties come from? Why do they appear in the for loop and not when I log the object? Why the property I excluded ('-name') also appears in the for loop? What the hell is hasOwnProperty for if it doesnt recognize the properties that were just logged?

Thanks for your time and help! Bye!

Upvotes: 21

Views: 33945

Answers (6)

Adarsh Jaiswal
Adarsh Jaiswal

Reputation: 115

Just use this :

Object.keys(e.toJSON())

Upvotes: 0

Đăng Khoa Đinh
Đăng Khoa Đinh

Reputation: 5411

TLDR: toObject() and lean() are 2 methods you need to get the JavaScript object, which is pointed out by the previous answers. My answer has a full example that illustrates the concept and how to use them.

When you use Mongoose API to query data (find, findOne, findById ..), Mongoose will give you an instance of Mongoose Document class in the response, which is different from your Javascript object.

You have some options to get your Javascript object, as described in the document :

  • using lean() method : Check out the document here
  • using toObject() method : Check out the document here

I created a test project to demonstrate these methods, feel free to test this :

const mongoose = require('mongoose');

// connect to database
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/test', { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true });

// define the schema 
const kittySchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    name: String

    // this flag indicate that the shema we defined is not fixed, 
    // document in database can have some fields that are not defined in the schema
    // which is very likely
}, { strict: false });

// compile schema to model
const Kitten = mongoose.model('Kitten', kittySchema);

test();
async function test() {


    // test data
    const dataObject = { name: "Kitty 1", color: "red" };
    const firstKitty = new Kitten(dataObject); // attribute color is not defined in the schema

    // save in database
    firstKitty.save();

    // find the kitty from database
    // mongoose return a document object, which is different from our data object
    const firstKittyDocument = await Kitten.findOne({ name: "Kitty 1" });
    console.log("Mongoose document. _id :", firstKittyDocument._id); // _id of document
    console.log("Mongoose document. name :", firstKittyDocument.name); // "Kitty 1"
    console.log("Mongoose document. color :", firstKittyDocument.color); // undefined
    // --> the document contains _id and other fields that we defined in the schema

    // we can call the method .toObject to get the plain object
    console.log("Using .toObject() method. _id :", firstKittyDocument.toObject()._id); // _id of document
    console.log("Using .toObject() method. name :", firstKittyDocument.toObject().name); // "Kitty 1"
    console.log("Using .toObject() method. color :", firstKittyDocument.toObject().color); // "red"
    // --> Using .toObject() method, we get all the fields we have in the dataObject

    // or we can use lean method to get the plain old javascript object
    const firstKittyPOJO = await Kitten.findOne({ name: "Kitty 1" }).lean();
    console.log("Using .lean() method. _id :", firstKittyPOJO._id);  // _id of document
    console.log("Using .lean() method. name :", firstKittyPOJO.name); // "Kitty 1"
    console.log("Using .lean() method. color :", firstKittyPOJO.color); //"red"
    // --> Using .lean() method, we get all the fields we have in the dataObject
}

One side note, when you use lean() method, Mongoose skips the step to convert the JavaScript object to the Mongoose document, which results in a better performance for your queries.

Upvotes: 1

Gaurav Singh
Gaurav Singh

Reputation: 41

use lean() on the mongo query or pass {lean:true} argument eg myModel.find().lean()

Upvotes: 1

jarora
jarora

Reputation: 5772

The answers are great and I would like to add a little typescript utility that I added to my dbUtils class.

getCleanObjectFromObjectOrDocument<T>(obj: T): T {
        return ((obj as unknown) as Document)?.toObject?.() ?? obj;
}

You can pass the mongoose document/sub-document or any plain JS object here and it'll return a corresponding JS object.

Upvotes: 1

chrisbajorin
chrisbajorin

Reputation: 6153

Alternatively to Kevin B's answer, you can pass {lean: true} as an option:

myModel.find({name: 'John'}, '-name', {lean: true}, function(err, results){
  log(results[0])
}

In MongoDB, the documents are saved simply as objects. When Mongoose retrieves them, it casts them into Mongoose documents. In doing so it adds all those keys that are being included in your for loop. This is what allows you to use all the document methods. If you won't be using any of these, lean is a great option as it skips that entire process, increasing query speed. Potentially 3x as fast.

Upvotes: 54

Kevin B
Kevin B

Reputation: 95062

In this case .toObject would be enough to let your loop work the way you expect.

myModel.find({name: 'John'}, '-name', function(err, results){
  log(results[0].toObject())
}

The extra properties you were getting originally are due to the fact that results is a collection of model instances that come with additional properties and methods that aren't available on normal objects. These properties and methods are what are coming up in your loop. By using toObject, you get a plain object without all of those additional properties and methods.

Upvotes: 20

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