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pythonpandas
Wizuriel
Wizuriel

Reputation: 3747

Convert columns into rows with Pandas

So my dataset has some information by location for n dates. The problem is each date is actually a different column header. For example the CSV looks like

location    name    Jan-2010    Feb-2010    March-2010
A           "test"  12          20          30
B           "foo"   18          20          25

What I would like is for it to look like

location    name    Date        Value
A           "test"  Jan-2010    12       
A           "test"  Feb-2010    20
A           "test"  March-2010  30
B           "foo"   Jan-2010    18       
B           "foo"   Feb-2010    20
B           "foo"   March-2010  25

My problem is I don't know how many dates are in the column (though I know they will always start after name)

Upvotes: 279

Views: 323988

Answers (6)

DSM
DSM

Reputation: 353059

Use .melt:

df.melt(id_vars=["location", "name"],
        var_name="Date",
        value_name="Value")

  location    name        Date  Value
0        A  "test"    Jan-2010     12
1        B   "foo"    Jan-2010     18
2        A  "test"    Feb-2010     20
3        B   "foo"    Feb-2010     20
4        A  "test"  March-2010     30
5        B   "foo"  March-2010     25

Old(er) versions: <0.20

You can use pd.melt to get most of the way there, and then sort:

>>> df
  location  name  Jan-2010  Feb-2010  March-2010
0        A  test        12        20          30
1        B   foo        18        20          25
>>> df2 = pd.melt(df,
                  id_vars=["location", "name"], 
                  var_name="Date",
                  value_name="Value")
>>> df2
  location  name        Date  Value
0        A  test    Jan-2010     12
1        B   foo    Jan-2010     18
2        A  test    Feb-2010     20
3        B   foo    Feb-2010     20
4        A  test  March-2010     30
5        B   foo  March-2010     25
>>> df2 = df2.sort(["location", "name"])
>>> df2
  location  name        Date  Value
0        A  test    Jan-2010     12
2        A  test    Feb-2010     20
4        A  test  March-2010     30
1        B   foo    Jan-2010     18
3        B   foo    Feb-2010     20
5        B   foo  March-2010     25

(Might want to throw in a .reset_index(drop=True), just to keep the output clean.)

Note: pd.DataFrame.sort has been deprecated in favour of pd.DataFrame.sort_values.

Upvotes: 423

Muhammad Talha
Muhammad Talha

Reputation: 832

If you want to swap your rows with columns & columns with rows then try the transpose method of pandas:

df.T

Check the reference link: https://note.nkmk.me/en/python-pandas-t-transpose/

Upvotes: 4

jjurm
jjurm

Reputation: 499

Adding a link to a notebook which you can duplicate, demonstrating @DMS's answer using pandas.melt:

df.melt(id_vars=["location", "name"], 
    var_name="date", 
    value_name="value")

https://deepnote.com/@DataScience/Unpivot-a-DataFrame-from-wide-to-long-format-lN7WlqOdSlqroI_7DGAkoA

Upvotes: 5

jezrael
jezrael

Reputation: 862611

Use set_index with stack for MultiIndex Series, then for DataFrame add reset_index with rename:

df1 = (df.set_index(["location", "name"])
         .stack()
         .reset_index(name='Value')
         .rename(columns={'level_2':'Date'}))
print (df1)
  location  name        Date  Value
0        A  test    Jan-2010     12
1        A  test    Feb-2010     20
2        A  test  March-2010     30
3        B   foo    Jan-2010     18
4        B   foo    Feb-2010     20
5        B   foo  March-2010     25

Upvotes: 30

jpp
jpp

Reputation: 164663

pd.wide_to_long

You can add a prefix to your year columns and then feed directly to pd.wide_to_long. I won't pretend this is efficient, but it may in certain situations be more convenient than pd.melt, e.g. when your columns already have an appropriate prefix.

df.columns = np.hstack((df.columns[:2], df.columns[2:].map(lambda x: f'Value{x}')))

res = pd.wide_to_long(df, stubnames=['Value'], i='name', j='Date').reset_index()\
        .sort_values(['location', 'name'])

print(res)

   name        Date location  Value
0  test    Jan-2010        A     12
2  test    Feb-2010        A     20
4  test  March-2010        A     30
1   foo    Jan-2010        B     18
3   foo    Feb-2010        B     20
5   foo  March-2010        B     25

Upvotes: 10

Lohith Arcot
Lohith Arcot

Reputation: 1186

I guess I found a simpler solution

temp1 = pd.melt(df1, id_vars=["location"], var_name='Date', value_name='Value')
temp2 = pd.melt(df1, id_vars=["name"], var_name='Date', value_name='Value')

Concat whole temp1 with temp2's column name

temp1['new_column'] = temp2['name']

You now have what you asked for.

Upvotes: 8

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