web api 2 area routes

Question

I am using asp.net mvc 5 and web api 2. For the asp.net mvc 5 project I have everything working... but new I am trying to add web api 2 routes... when I am using areas.

I have the web api 2 controller working at the project root:

 //this is working 
   namespace EtracsWeb.Controllers
    {
        public class TestController : ApiController
        {
            //localhost:port/api/test ...this is working
            [HttpGet]
            public HttpResponseMessage Get()
            {

                return new HttpResponseMessage()
                {
                    Content = new StringContent("GET: Test message")
                };
            }

        }
    }

So I am assuming my Global.asax, my routeconfig.cs and my webapiconfig.cs are correct ... (not shown)...

But now I am trying to get the web api 2 in my AREAS working...

I have read everything I could find on the web and this seems like it should work:

namespace EtracsWeb.Areas.WorkOrder
{
    public class WorkOrderAreaRegistration : AreaRegistration
    {
        public override string AreaName
        {
            get
            {
                return "WorkOrder";
            }
        }

        public override void RegisterArea(AreaRegistrationContext context)
        {

            context.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                    name: "AuditModel_Api",
                    routeTemplate: "WorkOrder/api/AuditModelApi/{id}",
                    defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
                );

        //default
            context.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                    name: "WorkOrder_Api",
                    routeTemplate: "WorkOrder/api/{controller}/{id}",
                    defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
                );

            context.MapRoute(
                 "WorkOrder_default",
                "WorkOrder/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                new { action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
}

My controller code is:

namespace EtracsWeb.Areas.WorkOrder.ApiControllers
{
    public class AuditModelApiController : ApiController
    {
        IManufacturerStopOrderModelService auditModelService = new WorkOrder.Services.VWAuditModelService(UserSession.EtracsUserID, UserSession.ProgramID, UserSession.EtracsSessionID, UserSession.ConnectionString);

        [HttpGet]
        [Route("AuditModelApi")]
        public HttpResponseMessage Get()
        {

            return new HttpResponseMessage()
            {
                Content = new StringContent("GET: Test message")
            };
        }

        [Route("AuditModelApi/AuditModels")]
        public IEnumerable<VwAuditModel1> GetAuditModels()
        {
                return auditModelService.GetModels();
        }

        public IHttpActionResult UpdateAuditMode()
        {
            //example of what can be returned ... NotFound, Ok ... look into uses...

            VwAuditModel1 result = new VwAuditModel1();
            return Ok(result);

            return NotFound();
        }
    }
}

I have tried the controller with and without the attribute naming [Route]... and I can't get either get to work...

Both the simple case

    public HttpResponseMessage Get()

and the "real" case

  public IEnumerable<VwAuditModel1> GetAuditModels()

return the same result. From the browser, using

http://localhost:64167/WorkOrder/api/AuditModelApi

and

http://localhost:64167/WorkOrder/api/AuditModelApi/AuditModels

I get the following:

<Error>
<Message>
No HTTP resource was found that matches the request URI 'http://localhost:64167/WorkOrder/api/AuditModelApi/AuditModels'.
</Message>
<MessageDetail>
No route providing a controller name was found to match request URI 'http://localhost:64167/WorkOrder/api/AuditModelApi/AuditModels'
</MessageDetail>
</Error>

Answer 1

First, you should register the route with the Area it belongs to, that only makes sense, so inside your AreaNameAreaRegistration class be sure to add using System.Web.Http so you get the extension method MapHttpRoute, it's not part of System.Web.Mvc.

The order above is a bit off, which is causing the 404. Add the following Route:

context.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
            name: "AreaNameWebApi",
            routeTemplate: "api/AreaName/{controller}/{id}",
            defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
        );

If you want to get fancy and append the Area Name from the property AreaName (of course you care about good coding practices ;)):

context.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
            name: "AreaNameWebApi",
            routeTemplate: string.Concat("api/", AreaName, "/{controller}/{id}"),
            defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
        );

This will correct the 404 issue. In the Web API module by default it first scans for "api" to determine where to look for the controller (otherwise it'll be confused, it's not magic) so api needs to be first when dynamically appending the Area Name and Controller. Of course you CAN change this order by hard-coding your routes, but I don't recommend that because you'll need to provide every route and every controller in the route config or using the RouteAttribute.

Plus, with "api" first it will make a nice standard looking URL for you and your users instead of having API all over the place. Here are some samples:

http://site/api/members/myAccount/update
http://site/api/members/myAccount/get/12345
http://site/api/members/contacts/getByOwnerId/12345

Hope this helps!

Zev

Answer 2

You need to get the HttpConfiguration instance from the GlobalConfiguration object and call the MapHttpAttributeRoutes() method from inside the RegisterArea() method of the AreaRegistration.cs.

    public override void RegisterArea(AreaRegistrationContext context) 
    {
        GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();

        //... omitted code  
    }

Finally you must in the WebApiConfig remove config.MapHttpAttributes() method or you will get duplicate exception.

public static class WebApiConfig
{
    public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
    {
        // Web API configuration and services
        config.EnableCors();

        // Configure Web API to use only bearer token authentication.
        config.SuppressDefaultHostAuthentication();
        config.Filters.Add(new HostAuthenticationFilter(OAuthDefaults.AuthenticationType));


        // Web API routes
        //config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();

        config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
            name: "DefaultApi",
            routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
            defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
        );
    }
}

Answer 3

The issue with that specific API call is that you have not specified a controller to use in your route.

        context.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                name: "AuditModel_Api",
                routeTemplate: "WorkOrder/api/AuditModelApi/{id}",
                defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
            );

Should be

        context.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                name: "AuditModel_Api",
                routeTemplate: "WorkOrder/api/AuditModelApi/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "AuditModelApi", id = RouteParameter.Optional }
            );

Constant segments in the URL are to specify what URL to match, but you still must tell it what the route values are in order for it to get to the controller and action. It has no way of knowing which segment to use as the controller name unless you make it a {controller} segment.