Reputation:

What do I use on linux to make a python program executable

I just installed a linux system (Kubuntu) and was wondering if there is a program to make python programs executable for linux.

Upvotes: 123

Answers (10)

Leo Pepe

Reputation: 320

You can use PyInstaller. It generates a build dist so you can execute it as a single "binary" file.

http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/#using-pyinstaller

Python 3 has the native option of create a build dist also:

https://docs.python.org/3.10/library/distutils.html

Upvotes: 20

Martin7h

Reputation: 1

As addition to leo pepes answer above for beginners - I just used auto-py-to-exe and followed these steps in Ubuntu 22.04/Python 3.10/VSC: (auto-py-to-exe is a web-gui using the pyinstaller mentioned above)

pip3 install auto-py-to-exe

start it with the command: auto-py-to-exe

choose your .py file under "scriptfile location"

click on "convert to exe"

later on you can: choose additional files convert in only one file (without folder) export your config to a json file(settings) and much more over the GUI

Upvotes: 0

Thinklex

Reputation: 143

as I find it a bit ambiguous, as to what exactly you refer to with a ''Program'', I present here an answer, how to make a ''package''-program executable from the command line in Linux, as this was not answered in this question before.

Essentially you have to follow the official instructions, but in essence, you have to do the following steps:

1.) Refactor your program into the structure presented here (you essentially have the choice between two structures)

2.) Assuming you chose the ''flat layout'' and your project name is awesome (i.e. assuming your source files lie in program/awesome), you create two files, setup.py and setup.cfg file, at your program level (i.e. program), with the contents below:

setup.py:

from setuptools import setup
setup()

setup.cfg:

[metadata]
name = awesome
version = 0.0.1
description = My awesome program is 'awesomer' than yours
author =Awesome Name
email = [email protected]

[options]
packages = find:
install_requires = 
    <YOUR-REQUIREMENTS-HERE-DELETE-IF-NONE>

[options.entry_points]
console_scripts =
    awesome = awesome:main

3.) In your program/awesome folder you create a __init__.py file, with a main function, where you can then start your ''real'' program. I.e. put into your __init__.py file at least the following code to see an effect:

def main():
    print("MY AWESOME PROGRAM WORKS!")

4.) Install it using e.g. python setup.py install

5.) Execute it from the command line using awesome, e.g. $> awesome

Hope this helps anyone - Thinklex

Upvotes: 1

Gandharva S Murthy

Reputation: 315

Do the following steps:

Add this as first line in to your execution entry point python file

#!/usr/bin/python

Modify script to executable

    chmod +x <script-name>.py

Create a symbolic link to your <script-name>.py from /usr/local/bin

ln -s <path-to-your-script> /usr/local/bin/<executable-name-you-want>

These steps works irrespective of whether you have single standalone python script or if you have multiple dependent script called by your main file.

Upvotes: 2

dan_the_ham-man

Reputation: 41

I do the following:

put #! /usr/bin/env python3 at top of script
chmod u+x file.py
Change .py to .command in file name

This essentially turns the file into a bash executable. When you double-click it, it should run. This works in Unix-based systems.

Upvotes: 3

Nilesh K.

Reputation: 391

If one want to make executable hello.py

first find the path where python is in your os with : which python

it usually resides under "/usr/bin/python" folder.

at the very first line of hello.py one should add : #!/usr/bin/python

then through linux command chmod

one should just make it executable like : chmod +x hello.py

and execute with ./hello.py

Upvotes: 5

Coco

Reputation: 906

Another way to do it could be by creating an alias. For example in terminal write:

alias printhello='python /home/hello_world.py'

Writing printhello will run hello_world.py, but this is only temporary. To make aliases permanent, you have to add them to bashrc, you can edit it by writing this in the terminal:

gedit ~/.bashrc

Upvotes: 0

Mohit Dabas

Reputation: 2361

Putting these lines at the starting of the code will tell your operating systems to look up the binary program needed for the execution of the python script i.e it is the python interpreter.

So it depends on your operating system where it keeps the python interpreter. As I have Ubuntu as operating system it keeps the python interpreter in /usr/bin/python so I have to write this line at the starting of my python script;

#!/usr/bin/python

After completing and saving your code

Start your command terminal
Make sure the script lies in your present working directory
Type chmod +x script_name.py
Now you can start the script by clicking the script. An alert box will appear; press "Run" or "Run in Terminal" in the alert box; or, at the terminal prompt, type ./script_name.py

Upvotes: 6