CODEWITHSUNDEEP
rdataframenamesillegal-characters
Brandon Bertelsen
Brandon Bertelsen

Reputation: 44638

Specifying column names in a data.frame changes spaces to "."

Let's say I have a data.frame, like so: 

x <- c(1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10)
df <- data.frame("Label 1"=x,"Label 2"=rnorm(100))

head(df,3)

returns:

  Label.1    Label.2
1       1  1.9825458
2       2 -0.4515584
3       3  0.6397516

How do I get R to stop automagically replacing the space with a period in the column name? ie, "Label 1" instead of "Label.1".

Upvotes: 48

Views: 46955

Answers (4)

Dirk is no longer here
Dirk is no longer here

Reputation: 368201

You don't.

With the space you desire the format would not satisfy the requirements for an identifier that come to play when you use df$column.1 -- that could not cope with a space. So see the make.names() function for details or an example:

> make.names(c("Foo Bar", "tic tac"))
[1] "Foo.Bar" "tic.tac"  
>

Edit eleven years later: The answer still stands that R prefers column names can be valid variable names. But R is flexible: if you insist you can use the other form _but then need to require the not-otherwise-valid-within-the-language column names explicitly:

> x <- c(1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10)
> df <- data.frame("Label 1"=x,"Label 2"=rnorm(100), check.names=FALSE)
> summary( df$`Label 2` )
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
-2.2719 -0.7148 -0.0971 -0.0275  0.6559  2.5820 
>

So by saying check.names=FALSE we override the default (and sensible) check, and by wrapping the identifier in backticks we can access the column.

Upvotes: 13

Tanmay
Tanmay

Reputation: 11

names(df)<-c('Label 1','Label 2)

Upvotes: 1

Brandon Bertelsen
Brandon Bertelsen

Reputation: 44638

You may set check.names = FALSE in data.frame (as well as in read.table):

df <- data.frame("Label 1" = 1:3, "Label 2" = rnorm(3), check.names = FALSE)

returns:

  Label 1    Label 2
1       1  0.2013347
2       2  1.8823111
3       3 -0.5233811

From ?data.frame:

check.names
logical. If TRUE then the names of the variables in the data frame are checked to ensure that they are syntactically valid variable names and are not duplicated. If necessary they are adjusted (by make.names) so that they are.

From ?make.names:

A syntactically valid name consists of letters, numbers and the dot or underline characters and starts with a letter or the dot not followed by a number. Names such as ".2way" are not valid, and neither are the reserved words.

All invalid characters are translated to "."

Also, if you need to subset a variable with an 'invalid' name using $, you can use backticks `. For example:

df$`Label 1`

Upvotes: 102

Aaron Statham
Aaron Statham

Reputation: 2068

You can change an existing data frames names to contain spaces ie using your example

x <- c(1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10,1:10)
df <- data.frame("Label 1"=x,"Label 2"=rnorm(100))
colnames(df) <- c("Label 1", "Label 2")
head(df, 3)

returns

  Label 1    Label 2
1       1  0.2013347
2       2  1.8823111
3       3 -0.5233811

and you can still access the columns using the $ operator, you just need to use double quotes eg

df$"Label 2"[1:3]

returns

[1]  0.2013347  1.8823111 -0.5233811

It seems rather inconsistent to me to auto-convert column names upon data.frame creation, but not to-do the same during column name alteration, but thats how R works at the moment.

Upvotes: 5

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