Reputation: 35250

How do I parse command line arguments in Java?

What is a good way of parsing command line arguments in Java?

Upvotes: 696

Answers (21)

GreenGiant

Reputation: 5256

Take a look at Spring Shell

Spring Shell’s features include

A simple, annotation driven, programming model to contribute custom commands

Use of Spring Boot auto-configuration functionality as the basis for a command plugin strategy

Tab completion, colorization, and script execution

Customization of command prompt, shell history file name, handling of results and errors

Dynamic enablement of commands based on domain specific criteria

Integration with the bean validation API

Already built-in commands, such as clear screen, gorgeous help, exit

ASCII art Tables, with formatting, alignment, fancy borders, etc.

Upvotes: 0

Remko Popma

Reputation: 36844

It is 2022, time to do better than Commons CLI... :-)

Should you build your own Java command line parser, or use a library?

Many small utility-like applications probably roll their own command line parsing to avoid the additional external dependency. picocli may be an interesting alternative.

Picocli is a modern library and framework for building powerful, user-friendly, GraalVM-enabled command line apps with ease. It lives in 1 source file so apps can include it as source to avoid adding a dependency.

It supports colors, autocompletion, subcommands, and more. Written in Java, usable from Groovy, Kotlin, Scala, etc.

Features:

Annotation based: declarative, avoids duplication and expresses programmer intent
Convenient: parse user input and run your business logic with one line of code
Strongly typed everything - command line options as well as positional parameters
POSIX clustered short options (<command> -xvfInputFile as well as <command> -x -v -f InputFile)
Fine-grained control: an arity model that allows a minimum, maximum and variable number of parameters, e.g, "1..*", "3..5"
Subcommands (can be nested to arbitrary depth)
Feature-rich: composable arg groups, splitting quoted args, repeatable subcommands, and many more
User-friendly: usage help message uses colors to contrast important elements like option names from the rest of the usage help to reduce the cognitive load on the user
Distribute your app as a GraalVM native image
Works with Java 5 and higher
Extensive and meticulous documentation

The usage help message is easy to customize with annotations (without programming). For example:

(source)

I couldn't resist adding one more screenshot to show what usage help messages are possible. Usage help is the face of your application, so be creative and have fun!

Disclaimer: I created picocli. Feedback or questions very welcome.

Upvotes: 125

lexicalscope

Reputation: 7328

I have been trying to maintain a list of Java CLI parsers.

Airline
- Active Fork: https://github.com/rvesse/airline
argparse4j
argparser
args4j
clajr
cli-parser
CmdLn
Commandline
DocOpt.java
dolphin getopt
DPML CLI (Jakarta Commons CLI2 fork)
Dr. Matthias Laux
Jakarta Commons CLI
jargo
jargp
jargs
java-getopt
jbock
JCLAP
jcmdline
jcommander
jcommando
jewelcli (written by me)
JOpt simple
jsap
naturalcli
Object Mentor CLI article (more about refactoring and TDD)
parse-cmd
ritopt
Rop
TE-Code Command
picocli has ANSI colorized usage help and autocomplete

Upvotes: 264

Vinko Vrsalovic

Reputation: 340486

Check these out:

Or roll your own:

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Scanner.html

For instance, this is how you use commons-cli to parse 2 string arguments:

import org.apache.commons.cli.*;

public class Main {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Options options = new Options();

        Option input = new Option("i", "input", true, "input file path");
        input.setRequired(true);
        options.addOption(input);

        Option output = new Option("o", "output", true, "output file");
        output.setRequired(true);
        options.addOption(output);

        CommandLineParser parser = new DefaultParser();
        HelpFormatter formatter = new HelpFormatter();
        CommandLine cmd = null;//not a good practice, it serves it purpose 

        try {
            cmd = parser.parse(options, args);
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            formatter.printHelp("utility-name", options);

            System.exit(1);
        }

        String inputFilePath = cmd.getOptionValue("input");
        String outputFilePath = cmd.getOptionValue("output");

        System.out.println(inputFilePath);
        System.out.println(outputFilePath);

    }

}

usage from command line:

$> java -jar target/my-utility.jar -i asd                                                                                       
Missing required option: o

usage: utility-name
 -i,--input <arg>    input file path
 -o,--output <arg>   output file

Upvotes: 515

Salvatore Giampà

Reputation: 82

I want to show you my implementation: ReadyCLI

Advantages:

for lazy programmers: a very small number of classes to learn, just see the two small examples on the README in the repository and you are already at 90% of learning; just start coding your CLI/Parser without any other knowledge; ReadyCLI allows coding CLIs in the most natural way;
it is designed with Developer Experience in mind; it largely uses the Builder design pattern and functional interfaces for Lambda Expressions, to allow a very quick coding;
it supports Options, Flags and Sub-Commands;
it allows to parse arguments from command-line and to build more complex and interactive CLIs;
a CLI can be started on Standard I/O just as easily as on any other I/O interface, such as sockets;
it gives great support for documentation of commands.

I developed this project as I needed new features (options, flag, sub-commands) and that could be used in the simplest possible way in my projects.

Upvotes: 4

Stefan Haberl

Reputation: 10559

If you are already using Spring Boot, argument parsing comes out of the box.

If you want to run something after startup, implement the ApplicationRunner interface:

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application implements ApplicationRunner {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }

  @Override
  public void run(ApplicationArguments args) {
    args.containsOption("my-flag-option"); // test if --my-flag-option was set
    args.getOptionValues("my-option");     // returns values of --my-option=value1 --my-option=value2 
    args.getOptionNames();                 // returns a list of all available options
    // do something with your args
  }
}

Your run method will be invoked after the context has started up successfully.

If you need access to the arguments before you fire up your application context, you can just simply parse the application arguments manually:

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application implements ApplicationRunner {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    ApplicationArguments arguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
    // do whatever you like with your arguments
    // see above ...
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }

}

And finally, if you need access to your arguments in a bean, just inject the ApplicationArguments:

@Component
public class MyBean {

   @Autowired
   private ApplicationArguments arguments;

   // ...
}

Upvotes: 10

mepcotterell

Reputation: 2710

Maybe these

JArgs command line option parsing suite for Java - this tiny project provides a convenient, compact, pre-packaged and comprehensively documented suite of command line option parsers for the use of Java programmers. Initially, parsing compatible with GNU-style 'getopt' is provided.
ritopt, The Ultimate Options Parser for Java - Although, several command line option standards have been preposed, ritopt follows the conventions prescribed in the opt package.

Upvotes: 7

Pierluigi Vernetto

Reputation: 2050

For Spring users, we should mention also https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/core/env/SimpleCommandLinePropertySource.html and his twin brother https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/core/env/JOptCommandLinePropertySource.html (JOpt implementation of the same functionality). The advantage in Spring is that you can directly bind the command line arguments to attributes, there is an example here https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/core/env/CommandLinePropertySource.html

Upvotes: 0

stevens

Reputation: 21

As one of the comments mentioned earlier (https://github.com/pcj/google-options) would be a good choice to start with.

One thing I want to add-on is:

1) If you run into some parser reflection error, please try use a newer version of the guava. in my case:

maven_jar(
    name = "com_google_guava_guava",
    artifact = "com.google.guava:guava:19.0",
    server = "maven2_server",
)

maven_jar(
    name = "com_github_pcj_google_options",
    artifact = "com.github.pcj:google-options:jar:1.0.0",
    server = "maven2_server",
)

maven_server(
    name = "maven2_server",
    url = "http://central.maven.org/maven2/",
)

2) When running the commandline:

bazel run path/to/your:project -- --var1 something --var2 something -v something

3) When you need the usage help, just type:

bazel run path/to/your:project -- --help

Upvotes: 0

Ioannis Koumarelas

Reputation: 362

I know most people here are going to find 10 million reasons why they dislike my way, but nevermind. I like to keep things simple, so I just separate the key from the value using a '=' and store them in a HashMap like this:

Map<String, String> argsMap = new HashMap<>();
for (String arg: args) {
    String[] parts = arg.split("=");
    argsMap.put(parts[0], parts[1]);
}

You could always maintain a list with the arguments you are expecting, to help the user in case he forgot an argument or used a wrong one... However, if you want too many features this solution is not for you anyway.

Upvotes: 17

Trismegistos

Reputation: 3882

Argparse4j is best I have found. It mimics Python's argparse libary which is very convenient and powerful.

Upvotes: 3

Paul

Reputation: 605

This is Google's command line parsing library open-sourced as part of the Bazel project. Personally I think it's the best one out there, and far easier than Apache CLI.

https://github.com/pcj/google-options

Installation

Bazel

maven_jar(
    name = "com_github_pcj_google_options",
    artifact = "com.github.pcj:google-options:jar:1.0.0",
    sha1 = "85d54fe6771e5ff0d54827b0a3315c3e12fdd0c7",
)

Gradle

dependencies {
  compile 'com.github.pcj:google-options:1.0.0'
}

Maven

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.github.pcj</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-options</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>

Usage

Create a class that extends OptionsBase and defines your @Option(s).

package example;

import com.google.devtools.common.options.Option;
import com.google.devtools.common.options.OptionsBase;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Command-line options definition for example server.
 */
public class ServerOptions extends OptionsBase {

  @Option(
      name = "help",
      abbrev = 'h',
      help = "Prints usage info.",
      defaultValue = "true"
    )
  public boolean help;

  @Option(
      name = "host",
      abbrev = 'o',
      help = "The server host.",
      category = "startup",
      defaultValue = ""
  )
  public String host;

  @Option(
    name = "port",
    abbrev = 'p',
    help = "The server port.",
    category = "startup",
    defaultValue = "8080"
    )
    public int port;

  @Option(
    name = "dir",
    abbrev = 'd',
    help = "Name of directory to serve static files.",
    category = "startup",
    allowMultiple = true,
    defaultValue = ""
    )
    public List<String> dirs;

}

Parse the arguments and use them.

package example;

import com.google.devtools.common.options.OptionsParser;
import java.util.Collections;

public class Server {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    OptionsParser parser = OptionsParser.newOptionsParser(ServerOptions.class);
    parser.parseAndExitUponError(args);
    ServerOptions options = parser.getOptions(ServerOptions.class);
    if (options.host.isEmpty() || options.port < 0 || options.dirs.isEmpty()) {
      printUsage(parser);
      return;
    }

    System.out.format("Starting server at %s:%d...\n", options.host, options.port);
    for (String dirname : options.dirs) {
      System.out.format("\\--> Serving static files at <%s>\n", dirname);
    }
  }

  private static void printUsage(OptionsParser parser) {
    System.out.println("Usage: java -jar server.jar OPTIONS");
    System.out.println(parser.describeOptions(Collections.<String, String>emptyMap(),
                                              OptionsParser.HelpVerbosity.LONG));
  }

}

https://github.com/pcj/google-options

Upvotes: 12

cthiebaud

Reputation: 5137

airline @ Github looks good. It is based on annotation and is trying to emulate Git command line structures.

Upvotes: 4

Ray Tayek

Reputation: 10013

If you are familiar with gnu getopt, there is a Java port at: http://www.urbanophile.com/arenn/hacking/download.htm.

There appears to be a some classes that do this:

Upvotes: 5

Himanshu Shekhar

Reputation: 21

If you want something lightweight (jar size ~ 20 kb) and simple to use, you can try argument-parser. It can be used in most of the use cases, supports specifying arrays in the argument and has no dependency on any other library. It works for Java 1.5 or above. Below excerpt shows an example on how to use it:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String usage = "--day|-d day --mon|-m month [--year|-y year][--dir|-ds directoriesToSearch]";
    ArgumentParser argParser = new ArgumentParser(usage, InputData.class);
    InputData inputData = (InputData) argParser.parse(args);
    showData(inputData);

    new StatsGenerator().generateStats(inputData);
}

More examples can be found here

Upvotes: 2