CODEWITHSUNDEEP
pythonmathraspberry-piwaveformtrigonometry
Jon M
Jon M

Reputation: 3

Unexpected/Unwanted results in sine wave calculation in Python

As part of a larger project, I want to change some values in a wave length-type pattern, rather than a +1 linear-type pattern.

To be clear, I have no desire to try to plot these on a graph or anything of the sort... I want to use these values to control some color intensity through my Raspberry Pi.

Anyways, back to the issue at hand...

I have the following python script:

#!/usr/bin/python
from math import *
Fs=8000
f=500
i=0
while i<50:
    print ( sin(2*pi*f*i/Fs) )
    i+=1

Which gives me the following output (truncated):

0.0
0.382683432365
0.707106781187
0.923879532511
1.0
0.923879532511
0.707106781187
0.382683432365
1.22464679915e-16
-0.382683432365
-0.707106781187
-0.923879532511
-1.0
-0.923879532511
-0.707106781187
-0.382683432365
-2.44929359829e-16
0.382683432365
0.707106781187
0.923879532511
1.0

As you can see, every now and again there's a value that's just way out there:

1.22464679915e-16

-2.44929359829e-16

3.67394039744e-16

-4.89858719659e-16

2.38868023897e-15

-7.34788079488e-16

Why am I getting these strange results? How I avoid these way-out-there values? What am I doing wrong?

Upvotes: 0

Views: 99

Answers (1)

kiliantics
kiliantics

Reputation: 1188

These values are not "way-out-there," they are consistent with zero to machine precision. Python typically has precision to 53 bits:

https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/floatingpoint.html

The binary representation for this corresponds with ~1e-16, which is the order you are seeing in the values that should correspond with zero in your sine function.

Upvotes: 1

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