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While reading the Bash Reference Manual I noticed in the Definitions:
metacharacter
A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is a space, tab, newline, or one of the following characters: ‘|’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘(’, ‘)’, ‘<’, or ‘>’.
but chars like $, \ and others have all a special meaning. Why aren't they listed as metacharacters?
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You posted the answer in the question (as part of the text you quoted from the documentation).
A metacharacter is:
A character that, when unquoted, separates words.
Neither $
, nor \
are used to separate words. When not quoted, both of them are kept together with the character(s) that follow(s) them.
$
is the sigil of a variable.
\
is used as escape character.
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