Can't get grid area to fill vertical space

Question

I'm trying to use css-grid to create 3 areas, 2 with fixed height and the bottom one to fill the available space with a grid of buttons that also adapt to the space available. The buttons will adapt horizontally but not vertically. Can you see what silly thing I am doing to stop it working?

* {
  margin: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  outline: 0;
  font-size: 100%;
  vertical-align: middle;
  background: transparent;
  letter-spacing: normal;
}

body {
  color: #00000;
  background-color: #335155
}

p {
  color: #669990;
  font-size: 50px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

p:after {
  content: "";
  display: inline-block;
  width: 0px;
  height: auto;
}

.panel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 80px 80px 1fr;
}

.top-panel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 60% 1fr 40px;
  grid-template-rows: 80px;
  grid-row-gap: 20px;
  grid-column-gap: 20px;
  padding: 0px 50px 0px 20px;
}

#paragraph-1 {
  text-align: right;
  padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;
}

#paragraph-2 {
  border-width: 1px;
  border-style: solid;
  border-color: #669990;
  min-height: 75px;
  max-width: 100px;
  padding: 0px 20px 0px 0px;
  text-align: center;
}

#paragraph-3 {
  min-height: 75px;
  max-width: 100px;
  padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;
  text-align: center;
}

.middle-panel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 1fr;
  grid-row-gap: 20px;
}

button {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: #669990;
  border: none;
  color: #335155;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 20px;
}

button:hover {
  background-color: white;
}

.button-panel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: repeat(4, minmax(20px, 300px);
  grid-row-gap: 10px;
  grid-column-gap: 10px;
  width: 100vw;
  height: 100vh;
}

.grid-position-1-1 {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.grid-position-2-1 {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.grid-position-3-1 {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.grid-position-1-2 {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 2;
}

.grid-position-2-2 {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 2;
}

.grid-position-3-2 {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 2;
}

.grid-position-1-3 {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 3;
}

.grid-position-2-3 {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 3;
}

.grid-position-3-3 {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 3;
}

.grid-position-1-4 {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 4;
}

.grid-position-2-4 {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 4;
}

.grid-position-3-4 {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 4;
}

Amended code as per advice of Michael_B

* {
    margin: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    outline: 0;
    font-size: 100%;
    vertical-align: middle;
    background: transparent;
    letter-spacing: normal;
}

body {color: #00000; background-color: #335155}

p {
    color: #669990;
    font-size: 50px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-family: sans-serif;
}

p:after {
    content:"";
    display:inline-block;
    width:0px;
    height:auto;
}
.panel {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: 80px 80px 1fr;
}

.top-panel {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 60% 1fr 40px;
    grid-template-rows: 80px;
    grid-row-gap: 20px;
    grid-column-gap: 20px;
    padding: 0px 50px 0px 20px;
}

#paragraph-1 {
    text-align: right;
    padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;
}
#paragraph-2 {
    border-width: 1px;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: #669990;
    min-height: 75px;
    max-width: 100px;
    padding: 0px 20px 0px 0px;
    text-align: center;
}

#paragraph-3 {
    min-height: 75px;
    max-width: 100px;
    padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;
    text-align: center;
}

.middle-panel {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr;
    grid-row-gap: 20px;
}
button {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #669990;
    border: none;
    color: #335155;
    text-align: center;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 20px;
}
button:hover {
    background-color: white;
}
.button-panel {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 3;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    grid-template-rows: repeat(4, 1fr);
    grid-row-gap: 2px;
    grid-column-gap: 2px;
}  

.grid-position-1-1 {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1;
}
.grid-position-2-1 {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1;
}
.grid-position-3-1 {
    grid-column: 3;
    grid-row: 1;
}
.grid-position-1-2 {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
}
.grid-position-2-2 {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 2;
}
.grid-position-3-2 {
    grid-column: 3;
    grid-row: 2;
}
.grid-position-1-3 {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 3;
}
.grid-position-2-3 {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 3;
}
.grid-position-3-3 {
    grid-column: 3;
    grid-row: 3;
}
.grid-position-1-4 {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 4;
}
.grid-position-2-4 {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 4;
}
.grid-position-3-4 {
    grid-column: 3;
    grid-row: 4;
}

Code also https://github.com/rawcane/panel-example

Michael Benjamin · Accepted Answer

You grid container is set to

:

.panel {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: 80px 80px 1fr;
}

But the three areas you reference in your question:

.top-panel
.grid-position-2-1
.grid-position-3-1

are not children of the grid container. They are grandchildren of .panel.

Therefore, they are not grid items.

The scope of a grid formatting context is limited to the parent-child relationship.

This means that a grid container is always the parent and a grid item is always the child. Grid properties work only within this relationship.

As stated in the spec:

6. Grid Items

Each in-flow child of a grid container becomes a grid item.

Descendants of a grid container beyond the children are not grid items and will not accept grid properties. Also, as implied in the spec language above, children that are out-of-flow (i.e., absolutely positioned) are not grid items, either.

Bottom line: You will always need to apply display: grid or display: inline-grid to a parent in order for grid properties to work on the child.

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