Unable to save message ID in user Object (Mongoose)

Question

my objective is to push a message into the messages property (which is an array) of a user object using Mongoose. However, I get an error when I try to save the user (user.save()). I did these three console.logs on the code below to see what went wrong. Can someone fix this?

console.log(user.messages);
            user.messages.push(result._id);
            console.log(user.messages)

            user.save(function (err, result) {
                console.log(err)
            });

So, one before I push the message into the array, one right after and one to check the error after I tried to save the user. This gave me the following logs:

first, an empty array []

second, an array containing the message ID

["5a5cdd894504771c80c8901a"]

Third, the error why it didn't save the user properly:

{ MongoError: Unknown modifier: $pushAll
    at Function.MongoError.create (C:\Users\TijlD\Desktop\projects\03 MongoDB\node_modules\mongodb-core\lib\error.js:31:11)
    at toError (C:\Users\TijlD\Desktop\projects\03 MongoDB\node_modules\mongodb\lib\utils.js:139:22)
    at C:\Users\TijlD\Desktop\projects\03 MongoDB\node_modules\mongodb\lib\collection.js:1059:67
    at C:\Users\TijlD\Desktop\projects\03 MongoDB\node_modules\mongodb-core\lib\connection\pool.js:469:18
    at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:150:11)
  name: 'MongoError',
  message: 'Unknown modifier: $pushAll',
  driver: true,
  index: 0,
  code: 9,
  errmsg: 'Unknown modifier: $pushAll' }

This is the code on the server side (node.js)

router.post('/', function (req,res,next){
        // We stored the user in the token so we can retrieve it from this token.
        // fetch the user (in the token) who reached this route


    // we use the jwt package to decode the token ( we wont be able to grab the user if we skip this step)
    // the decode method does not check if the token is valid, this happens
    // higher up in this file. we only decode it to grab the user. If we hadn't
    // protected our route we wouldve had to use a different strategy (.verify method)
    var decoded = jwt.decode(req.query.token);

    User.findById(decoded.user._id, function(err, user){

        if (err) {
            return res.status(500).json({
                title: 'An error occurred',
                error: err
            });
        }
        var message = new Message({
            content: req.body.content,
            user: user._id
        });
        message.save(function(err, result) {

            if (err) {
                return res.status(500).json({
                    title: 'An error occurred',
                    error: err
                });
            }
            console.log(user.messages);
            user.messages.push(result._id);
            console.log(user.messages)

            user.save(function (err, result) {
                console.log(err)
            });
            res.status(201).json({
                message: 'Saved message',
                // this object is what we'll receive in the front-end
                // and what we'll convert using the response.json() method
                obj: result
            });
        });
    });
});

This is the user Model

var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var Schema = mongoose.Schema;
var mongooseUniqueValidator = require('mongoose-unique-validator');

var schema = new Schema({
    firstName: {type: String, required: true},
    lastName: {type: String, required: true},
    password: {type: String, required: true},
    email: {type: String, required: true, unique: true},
    messages: [{type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Message'}]
});

schema.plugin(mongooseUniqueValidator);

module.exports = mongoose.model('User', schema);

Answer 1

according to this issue, $pushAll has beed deprecated, you can get around this by setting { usePushEach: true } in you schema options

var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var Schema = mongoose.Schema;
var mongooseUniqueValidator = require('mongoose-unique-validator');

var schema = new Schema({
    firstName: {type: String, required: true},
    lastName: {type: String, required: true},
    password: {type: String, required: true},
    email: {type: String, required: true, unique: true},
    messages: [{type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Message'}]
}, { usePushEach: true });

schema.plugin(mongooseUniqueValidator);

module.exports = mongoose.model('User', schema);