CODEWITHSUNDEEP
htmlcssz-index
Sachin Gaur
Sachin Gaur

Reputation: 13099

Minimum and maximum value of z-index?

I have a div in my HTML page. I am showing this div based on some condition, but the div is displaying behind the HTML element where I pointed the mouse cursor.

I have tried all values for z-index from 0 - 999999. Can anyone tell me why this is happening?

Is there any minimum or maximum value of Z-INDEX property of CSS?

.divClass {
     position: absolute; 
     left: 25px; 
     top: 25px; 
     width: 320px;
     height: 300px; 
     z-index: 1000; 
}
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">
  <tr>
    <td>
      <asp:HyperLink ID="lnkProgram" runat="server"></asp:HyperLink>
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
     <td>
         <div class="divClass">
           Some Data
         </div>
     </td>
  </tr> 
</table>

I am showing and hiding the div with .divClass onclick via the <asp:hyperlink> using jQuery.

Upvotes: 610

Views: 489316

Answers (14)

zedmelon
zedmelon

Reputation: 385

As other answers state, there doesn't seem to be a humanly-practical limit for z-index--even if there may be a strict numerical one. Without viewing the other divs in the querent's HTML, another likely cause was lack of position declaration, which has zinged me as well.

The W3 page for z-index states that z-index only works on positioned elements (position: absolute, position: relative, position: fixed, or position: sticky) and flex items (elements that are direct children of display:flex elements).

Upvotes: 0

Herobrine
Herobrine

Reputation: 3143

A more modern and proper approach would be to use this:

.lowest {
  z-index: calc(-infinity);
}

.highest {
  z-index: calc(infinity);
}

This is supported in all major browsers: https://caniuse.com/mdn-css_types_calc-constant_infinity

Upvotes: 2

NNL993
NNL993

Reputation: 472

There are two super easy ways to write maximal and minimal value for z-index using calc().

Maximal Value

To write maximal value, do this:

.my-element {
    z-index: calc(9e999);
}

Minimal Value

To write minimal value, do this:

.my-element {
    z-index: calc(-9e999);
}

calc() Browser compatibility (<number> value support) table

Browser Minimal Version
Firefox 49
Safari 7
IE 9
Opera 18
Chrome 31
Edge 12

Upvotes: 5

Junior Tour
Junior Tour

Reputation: 640

Do NOT use max/min value, simply try:

1. Organize HTML tag order

 Topic Bad Good
Desc Use z-index to organize stacking order Use original order of HTML tags to organize stacking order
Screenshot  a  b
Online DEMO https://jsbin.com/zanijac/edit?html,output https://jsbin.com/gakeqix/edit?html,output

2. Create new The stacking context to isolate z-index

  Topic Bad Good
Desc Use z-index: max || min to override the other tag Use fixed z-index: 0 to isolate The stacking context
Screenshot  bad  good
Online DEMO https://jsbin.com/lavofef/edit?html,output https://jsbin.com/qakegup/edit?html,output

You don't need z-index

z-index is dangerous:

  • It is infectious: If one tag gets z-index, more tags will be infected in order to override the old one.
  • It will inflate: If one tag gets z-index: 1;, more tags will have to use z-index: 2;, z-index: 3; ... z-index: max || min;, Boom!.

Use z-index: max || min; is especially dangerous. If one tag gets z-index: max , it will be hard to override by others, the whole project will out of control gradually.

Upvotes: 1

pdr
pdr

Reputation: 6440

It depends on the browser (although the latest version of all browsers should max out at 2147483638), as does the browser's reaction when the maximum is exceeded.

Upvotes: 21

Mohammad
Mohammad

Reputation: 7418

Out of experience, I think the correct maximum z-index is 2147483647.

Upvotes: 30

Behnam
Behnam

Reputation: 6459

Conclusion Maximum z-index value is 2,147,483,647 and more than this convert to 2,147,483,647

‌Browser Maximum More Than Maximum
Chrome >= 29 2,147,483,647 2,147,483,647
Opera >= 9 2,147,483,647 2,147,483,647
IE >= 6 2,147,483,647 2,147,483,647
Safari >= 4 2,147,483,647 2,147,483,647
Safari = 3 16,777,271 16,777,271
Firefox >= 4 2,147,483,647 2,147,483,647
Firefox = 3 2,147,483,647 0
Firefox = 2 2,147,483,647 Bug: tag hidden

All Values tested in BrowserStack.

Upvotes: 25

magikMaker
magikMaker

Reputation: 5597

It's the maximum value of a 32 bits integer: 2147483647

Also see the docs: https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS22/visuren.html#z-index (Negative numbers are allowed)

Upvotes: 25

Ran
Ran

Reputation: 7669

My tests show that z-index: 2147483647 is the maximum value, tested on FF 3.0.1 for OS X. I discovered a integer overflow bug: if you type z-index: 2147483648 (which is 2147483647 + 1) the element just goes behind all other elements. At least the browser doesn't crash.

And the lesson to learn is that you should beware of entering too large values for the z-index property because they wrap around.

Upvotes: 186

kcar
kcar

Reputation: 843

I have found that often if z-index isn't working its because its parent/siblings don't have a specified z-index.

So if you have:

<div id="1">
    <a id="2" style="z-index:2"></a>
    <div id="3" style="z-index:1"></div>
    <button id="4"></button>
</div>

item #3, or even #4, may be contesting #2 for the click/hover space, though if you set #1 to z-index 0, the siblings who's z-index put them in independant stacks now are in the same stack and will z-index properly.

This has a helpful and fairly humanized description: http://foohack.com/2007/10/top-5-css-mistakes/  

Upvotes: 7

Tamas Czinege
Tamas Czinege

Reputation: 121294

http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html#z-index

'z-index'

Value: auto | <integer> | inherit

http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#numbers

Some value types may have integer values (denoted by <integer>) or real number values (denoted by <number>). Real numbers and integers are specified in decimal notation only. An <integer> consists of one or more digits "0" to "9". A <number> can either be an <integer>, or it can be zero or more digits followed by a dot (.) followed by one or more digits. Both integers and real numbers may be preceded by a "-" or "+" to indicate the sign. -0 is equivalent to 0 and is not a negative number.

Note that many properties that allow an integer or real number as a value actually restrict the value to some range, often to a non-negative value.

So basically there are no limitations for z-index value in the CSS standard, but I guess most browsers limit it to signed 32-bit values (−2147483648 to +2147483647) in practice (64 would be a little off the top, and it doesn't make sense to use anything less than 32 bits these days)

Upvotes: 358

Creshal
Creshal

Reputation: 483

While INT_MAX is probably the safest bet, WebKit apparently uses doubles internally and thus allows very large numbers (to a certain precision). LLONG_MAX e.g. works fine (at least in 64-Bit Chromium and WebkitGTK), but will be rounded to 9223372036854776000.

(Although you should consider carefully whether you really, really need this many z indices…).

Upvotes: 0

Rocky
Rocky

Reputation: 51

A user above says "well, you'll never really need to go above 10 for most designs."

Depending on your project, you may only need z-indexes 0-1, or z-indexes 0-10000. You'll often need to play in the higher digits...especially if you are working with lightbox viewers (9999 seems to be the standard and if you want to top their z-index, you'll need to exceed that!)

Upvotes: 5

roborourke
roborourke

Reputation: 12217

Z-Index only works for elements that have position: relative; or position: absolute; applied to them. If that's not the problem we'll need to see an example page to be more helpful.

EDIT: The good doctor has already put the fullest explanation but the quick version is that the minimum is 0 because it can't be a negative number and the maximum - well, you'll never really need to go above 10 for most designs.

Upvotes: 17

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