PCLCrypto PEM PublicKey to Portable.BouncyCastle or System.Security.Cryptography .NetStandard2.0 Conversion

Question

I am not from a security background but have inherited the following code.

I would like to be able to port it for use in .NET Standard.

public sealed class Pem
{
    private string type;
    private string base64Encoded;

    private const string PemStart = "-----BEGIN ";
    private const string PemEnd = "-----END ";
    private const string PemEndOfLine = "-----";

    public Pem(string content)
    {
        using (var reader = new StringReader(content.Trim()))
        {
            string line;
            while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null)
            {
                if (line.StartsWith(PemStart) && line.EndsWith(PemEndOfLine))
                {
                    type = line.Substring(PemStart.Length, line.Length - PemStart.Length - PemEndOfLine.Length);
                }

                else if (line.StartsWith(PemEnd))
                {
                    //ignore    
                }

                else
                {
                    base64Encoded += line;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public string Type
    {
        get { return type; }
    }

    public byte[] Decoded
    {
        get { return Convert.FromBase64String(base64Encoded); }
    }
}

public class EncryptionService : IEncryption
{
    public string Encrypt(string target)
    {
        var key = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nXXXXKEYMATERIALREMOVEDXXXX\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";

        var pem = new Pem(key);

        byte[] keyMaterial = pem.Decoded;
        byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(target);

        var provider = PCLCrypto.WinRTCrypto.AsymmetricKeyAlgorithmProvider.OpenAlgorithm(PCLCrypto.AsymmetricAlgorithm.RsaPkcs1);
        var publicKey = provider.ImportPublicKey(keyMaterial);

        byte[] cipherText = PCLCrypto.WinRTCrypto.CryptographicEngine.Encrypt(publicKey, data);

        return Convert.ToBase64String(cipherText);
    }             
}
}

Can anyone point me in the right direction for how I would rewrite this for .NET Standard 2.0 using either

• System.Security.Cryptography or
• Portable.BouncyCastle?

Assuming the key remains in that string format as shown in the code.

Answer 1

Sorry, we did not get chance to review the above code posted by @komsky but for reference we did in the end use the PemKeyUtils class referenced by this answer -

How to load the RSA public key from file in C#

as follows -

public class EncryptionService : Interfaces.IEncryption
{
    public string Encrypt(string target)
    {
        var key = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\YOURKEY\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";

        var rsaProvider = PemKeyUtils.GetRSAProviderFromPemString(key);
        RSAEncyptionManager manager = new RSAEncyptionManager(rsaProvider, RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1);         

        return Convert.ToBase64String(manager.Encrypt(target));
    }
}

public class RSAEncyptionManager {      
    private readonly RSACryptoServiceProvider _serviceProvider;
    private readonly RSAEncryptionPadding _padding;
    private RSAParameters _rSAKeyInfo;

    public RSAEncyptionManager(RSACryptoServiceProvider serviceProvider, RSAEncryptionPadding padding)
    {           
        _serviceProvider = serviceProvider;
        _padding = padding;

        _rSAKeyInfo = _serviceProvider.ExportParameters(false);
    }

    public byte[] Encrypt(string stringToEncrypt)
    {                                                                                   
        return _serviceProvider.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(stringToEncrypt), _padding);
    }

    public RSAEncyptionManager SetKey(byte[] key) {
        _rSAKeyInfo.Modulus = key;
        _serviceProvider.ImportParameters(_rSAKeyInfo);
        return this ;
    }
}

Answer 2

Split your task into 2 parts:

1. Import PEM file into X509Certificate2
2. Use imported certificate with an encryption method

You might want to try the code below to do the first phase.

I'm using it to decode PEM certificate into X509Certificate2 class.

public class Crypto
{
    /// <summary>
    /// This helper function parses an RSA private key using the ASN.1 format
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="privateKeyBytes">Byte array containing PEM string of private key.</param>
    /// <returns>An instance of <see cref="RSACryptoServiceProvider"/> rapresenting the requested private key.
    /// Null if method fails on retriving the key.</returns>
    public static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeRsaPrivateKey(byte[] privateKeyBytes)
    {
        MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(privateKeyBytes);
        BinaryReader rd = new BinaryReader(ms);

        try
        {
            byte byteValue;
            ushort shortValue;

            shortValue = rd.ReadUInt16();

            switch (shortValue)
            {
                case 0x8130:
                    // If true, data is little endian since the proper logical seq is 0x30 0x81
                    rd.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte
                    break;
                case 0x8230:
                    rd.ReadInt16();  //advance 2 bytes
                    break;
                default:
                    Debug.Assert(false);     // Improper ASN.1 format
                    return null;
            }

            shortValue = rd.ReadUInt16();
            if (shortValue != 0x0102) // (version number)
            {
                Debug.Assert(false);     // Improper ASN.1 format, unexpected version number
                return null;
            }

            byteValue = rd.ReadByte();
            if (byteValue != 0x00)
            {
                Debug.Assert(false);     // Improper ASN.1 format
                return null;
            }

            // The data following the version will be the ASN.1 data itself, which in our case
            // are a sequence of integers.

            // In order to solve a problem with instancing RSACryptoServiceProvider
            // via default constructor on .net 4.0 this is a hack
            CspParameters parms = new CspParameters();
            parms.Flags = CspProviderFlags.NoFlags;
            parms.KeyContainerName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().ToUpperInvariant();
            parms.ProviderType = ((Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major > 5) || ((Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major == 5) && (Environment.OSVersion.Version.Minor >= 1))) ? 0x18 : 1;

            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(parms);
            RSAParameters rsAparams = new RSAParameters();

            rsAparams.Modulus = rd.ReadBytes(Helpers.DecodeIntegerSize(rd));

            // Argh, this is a pain.  From emperical testing it appears to be that RSAParameters doesn't like byte buffers that
            // have their leading zeros removed.  The RFC doesn't address this area that I can see, so it's hard to say that this
            // is a bug, but it sure would be helpful if it allowed that. So, there's some extra code here that knows what the
            // sizes of the various components are supposed to be.  Using these sizes we can ensure the buffer sizes are exactly
            // what the RSAParameters expect.  Thanks, Microsoft.
            RSAParameterTraits traits = new RSAParameterTraits(rsAparams.Modulus.Length * 8);

            rsAparams.Modulus = Helpers.AlignBytes(rsAparams.Modulus, traits.size_Mod);
            rsAparams.Exponent = Helpers.AlignBytes(rd.ReadBytes(Helpers.DecodeIntegerSize(rd)), traits.size_Exp);
            rsAparams.D = Helpers.AlignBytes(rd.ReadBytes(Helpers.DecodeIntegerSize(rd)), traits.size_D);
            rsAparams.P = Helpers.AlignBytes(rd.ReadBytes(Helpers.DecodeIntegerSize(rd)), traits.size_P);
            rsAparams.Q = Helpers.AlignBytes(rd.ReadBytes(Helpers.DecodeIntegerSize(rd)), traits.size_Q);
            rsAparams.DP = Helpers.AlignBytes(rd.ReadBytes(Helpers.DecodeIntegerSize(rd)), traits.size_DP);
            rsAparams.DQ = Helpers.AlignBytes(rd.ReadBytes(Helpers.DecodeIntegerSize(rd)), traits.size_DQ);
            rsAparams.InverseQ = Helpers.AlignBytes(rd.ReadBytes(Helpers.DecodeIntegerSize(rd)), traits.size_InvQ);

            rsa.ImportParameters(rsAparams);
            return rsa;
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            Debug.Assert(false);
            return null;
        }
        finally
        {
            rd.Close();
        }
    }
}
   public class Helpers
{
    /// <summary>
    /// This helper function parses an integer size from the reader using the ASN.1 format
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="rd"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static int DecodeIntegerSize(System.IO.BinaryReader rd)
    {
        byte byteValue;
        int count;

        byteValue = rd.ReadByte();
        if (byteValue != 0x02)        // indicates an ASN.1 integer value follows
            return 0;

        byteValue = rd.ReadByte();
        if (byteValue == 0x81)
        {
            count = rd.ReadByte();    // data size is the following byte
        }
        else if (byteValue == 0x82)
        {
            byte hi = rd.ReadByte();  // data size in next 2 bytes
            byte lo = rd.ReadByte();
            count = BitConverter.ToUInt16(new[] { lo, hi }, 0);
        }
        else
        {
            count = byteValue;        // we already have the data size
        }

        //remove high order zeros in data
        while (rd.ReadByte() == 0x00)
        {
            count -= 1;
        }
        rd.BaseStream.Seek(-1, System.IO.SeekOrigin.Current);

        return count;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="pemString"></param>
    /// <param name="type"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static byte[] GetBytesFromPEM(string pemString, PemStringType type)
    {
        string header; string footer;

        switch (type)
        {
            case PemStringType.Certificate:
                header = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----";
                footer = "-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
                break;
            case PemStringType.RsaPrivateKey:
                header = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";
                footer = "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";
                break;
            default:
                return null;
        }

        int start = pemString.IndexOf(header) + header.Length;
        int end = pemString.IndexOf(footer, start) - start;
        return Convert.FromBase64String(pemString.Substring(start, end));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="inputBytes"></param>
    /// <param name="alignSize"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static byte[] AlignBytes(byte[] inputBytes, int alignSize)
    {
        int inputBytesSize = inputBytes.Length;

        if ((alignSize != -1) && (inputBytesSize < alignSize))
        {
            byte[] buf = new byte[alignSize];
            for (int i = 0; i < inputBytesSize; ++i)
            {
                buf[i + (alignSize - inputBytesSize)] = inputBytes[i];
            }
            return buf;
        }
        else
        {
            return inputBytes;      // Already aligned, or doesn't need alignment
        }
    }
}
    public enum PemStringType
{
    Certificate,
    RsaPrivateKey
}
    internal class RSAParameterTraits
{
    public RSAParameterTraits(int modulusLengthInBits)
    {
        // The modulus length is supposed to be one of the common lengths, which is the commonly referred to strength of the key,
        // like 1024 bit, 2048 bit, etc.  It might be a few bits off though, since if the modulus has leading zeros it could show
        // up as 1016 bits or something like that.
        int assumedLength = -1;
        double logbase = Math.Log(modulusLengthInBits, 2);
        if (logbase == (int)logbase)
        {
            // It's already an even power of 2
            assumedLength = modulusLengthInBits;
        }
        else
        {
            // It's not an even power of 2, so round it up to the nearest power of 2.
            assumedLength = (int)(logbase + 1.0);
            assumedLength = (int)(Math.Pow(2, assumedLength));
            System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(false);  // Can this really happen in the field?  I've never seen it, so if it happens
            // you should verify that this really does the 'right' thing!
        }

        switch (assumedLength)
        {
            case 1024:
                this.size_Mod = 0x80;
                this.size_Exp = -1;
                this.size_D = 0x80;
                this.size_P = 0x40;
                this.size_Q = 0x40;
                this.size_DP = 0x40;
                this.size_DQ = 0x40;
                this.size_InvQ = 0x40;
                break;
            case 2048:
                this.size_Mod = 0x100;
                this.size_Exp = -1;
                this.size_D = 0x100;
                this.size_P = 0x80;
                this.size_Q = 0x80;
                this.size_DP = 0x80;
                this.size_DQ = 0x80;
                this.size_InvQ = 0x80;
                break;
            case 4096:
                this.size_Mod = 0x200;
                this.size_Exp = -1;
                this.size_D = 0x200;
                this.size_P = 0x100;
                this.size_Q = 0x100;
                this.size_DP = 0x100;
                this.size_DQ = 0x100;
                this.size_InvQ = 0x100;
                break;
            default:
                System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(false); // Unknown key size?
                break;
        }
    }

    public int size_Mod = -1;
    public int size_Exp = -1;
    public int size_D = -1;
    public int size_P = -1;
    public int size_Q = -1;
    public int size_DP = -1;
    public int size_DQ = -1;
    public int size_InvQ = -1;
}

Finally, you'll need to call this from your program:

       public X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromText(string pem, string key)
    {
        byte[] certBuffer, keyBuffer;
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(pem))
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("Missing certificate");
        }
        try
        {
            certBuffer = Helpers.GetBytesFromPEM(pem, PemStringType.Certificate);
            keyBuffer = Helpers.GetBytesFromPEM(pem, PemStringType.RsaPrivateKey);
            X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2(certBuffer, "your_key_password");

            RSACryptoServiceProvider prov = Crypto.DecodeRsaPrivateKey(keyBuffer);
            certificate.PrivateKey = prov;

            return certificate;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Invalid certificate", ex);
        }

    }

I found the code somewhere on csharpcorner, but couldn't find the original link just now.