CODEWITHSUNDEEP
rggplot2
Patrick
Patrick

Reputation: 1227

Plotting longer ticks for y-axis at logarithmic scale with ticks pointing outward

I have a previous post regarding ploting longer ticks at particular y-axis values (plotting longer ticks at particular y-axis values).

My y-axis is at log-scale.y values were labeled at 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 20. I also want ticks corresponding to these breaks longer than other ticks. jaySF suggested using annotation_logticks, however, the ticks appear inside the plotting area and I want the ticks to be outside.

Sandy Muspratt's answer from ggplot2: Have shorter tick marks for tick marks without labels seems to help, but I tried similar code and did not succeed. My code following Sandy's method can be seen in my previous post.

I wish to know either how should I follow Sandy's method, or use some new way, to make ticks at 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 longer, which nothing else in the graph changes.

Upvotes: 2

Views: 322

Answers (1)

Sandy Muspratt
Sandy Muspratt

Reputation: 32789

Your code (from here) was close. ticks contains two grobs: the tick marks and the tick mark labels. On the x-axis, the tick marks come first, followed by the labels; but on the y-axis, the the labels come first, followed by the tick marks. Thus to select the tick marks on the y-axis, you need: marks = ticks$grobs[[2]]

In addition, the sequence of long and short tick marks is not as simple as in the example you followed; in particular, the last two tick marks are long. In the code below, I list the x-coordinates of start and end points of all the tick marks. (There is probably some way to automate this step using the ggplot_build information, but if your plot is a one-off, it is just as easy to set the x-coordinates manually.)

Also, I would move the tick mark labels a little to the left. (Your data is at the very end of the post.)

library(ggplot2)
library(scales)
library(grid)


y_breaks <- c(seq(0.01, 0.1, 0.01), seq(0.2, 1, 0.1), seq(2, 10, 1), 20)
y_labels <- y_breaks
y_labels[c(F, rep(T, 8), F, rep(T, 8), F, rep(T, 8), F, F)] <- ''

x_breaks <- seq(1970, 2015, 5)
x_labels <- x_breaks
x_labels[c(F, T)] <- ''

p <- ggplot(data, aes(year, rate)) + geom_point(aes(col = size)) +   
     scale_y_continuous(breaks = y_breaks,
                        labels = y_labels,
                        limits = c(0.01, 20),
                        trans = 'log10',
                        expand = c(0, 0)) +
     scale_x_continuous(name = "Year of Diagnosis", 
                        breaks = x_breaks, 
                        labels = x_labels,
                        limits = c(1970, 2015),
                        expand = c(0, 0)) +
     theme(panel.background = element_blank(),
           axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"),
           panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
           panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
           # Move the tick mark labels a little to the left
           axis.text.y = element_text(margin = margin(r = 5, unit = "pt")) 
           )

p

# Get the ggplot grob
g = ggplotGrob(p)

# Get the x axis
yaxis <- g$grobs[[which(g$layout$name == "axis-l")]]  

# Get the tick marks and tick mark labels   
ticks <- yaxis$children[[2]]

# Get the tick marks
marks = ticks$grobs[[2]]

# Edit the x positions of the end points of the tick marks
# The '5.5' and the '2.75' in the code below 
# are the lengths in pts of the major and minor tick marks respectively. 
marks$x = unit.c(rep(
                     unit.c(unit(1, "npc") - unit(5.5, "pt"), unit(1, "npc"),   # 1st long tick mark
                     rep(unit.c(unit(1, "npc") - unit(2.75, "pt"), unit(1, "npc")), 8)), # 8 shorter tick marks
                 3), # repeat that sequence of tick marks 3 times
             rep(unit.c(unit(1, "npc") - unit(5.5, "pt"), unit(1, "npc")), 2)) # top 2 long tick marks

# Put the tick marks back into the plot
ticks$grobs[[2]] = marks
yaxis$children[[2]] = ticks
g$grobs[[which(g$layout$name == "axis-l")]]  = yaxis

# Draw the plot
grid.newpage()
grid.draw(g)




However, knowing what I now know, I would not recommend this method. I think it is too difficult finding the path through the sequence of lists within lists to the appropriate slots. I would recommend using grid editing tools for this edit. 

# Get the ggplot grob
g= ggplotGrob(p)

# Get a list of the grobs that make up the plot
grid.ls(grid.force(g))

Look for a grob and its children that have something to do with the left axis.
This is the relevant sequence (the trailing numbers might differ):

axis-l.7-4-7-4
    axis.line.y.left..polyline.106
    axis
       axis.1-1-1-1
          GRID.text.102
       axis.1-2-1-2

axis.1-2-1-2 is the tick marks grob; GRID.text.102 is the tick mark labels grob.

# Edit the x-coordinates of the tick marks
g1 = editGrob(grid.force(g), gPath("axis-l", "axis", "axis.1-2"), grep = TRUE,
     x = unit.c(rep(
                     unit.c(unit(1, "npc") - unit(5.5, "pt"), unit(1, "npc"),   # 1st long tick mark
                     rep(unit.c(unit(1, "npc") - unit(2.75, "pt"), unit(1, "npc")), 8)), # 8 shorter tick marks
                 3), # repeat that sequence of tick marks 3 times
             rep(unit.c(unit(1, "npc") - unit(5.5, "pt"), unit(1, "npc")), 2))) # top 2 long tick marks

# Draw the edited plot
grid.newpage()
grid.draw(g1)

enter image description here

Your data 

data = structure(list(size = structure(c(3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 
3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 
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-155L))

Upvotes: 1

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