How to fix "Class signed does not exist" error in Laravel 5.7?

Question

I just updated my Laravel project from 5.6 to 5.7. The primary reason I upgraded was I needed to add Email Verification to my project. After I completed all upgrade steps and implemented the Email Verification as per the Laravel documentation I am getting an error. So the steps leading up to the error is this:

I used 1 route to test with, in my ..\routes\web.php file I have this line of code:

Route::get('dashboard', ['uses' => 'DashboardController@getDashboard'])->middleware('verified');

When I try to go to that route it does redirect me to the view for ..\views\auth\verify.blade.php as it should. There I click the link to send the verification email. I get the email then I click the button in the email to verify my email. It launches a browser and starts to navigate me somewhere and thats when it gets an error:

Class signed does not exist

After much research I discovered the error was in the new VerificationController.php file that the instructions said to create and the line of code causing the problem is:

$this->middleware('signed')->only('verify');

If I comment this line out and click the button in my email again then it works without any errors and my users email_verified_at column is updated with a datetime stamp.

Below is the entire VerificationController.pas in case it sheds any light on the problem:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\VerifiesEmails;

class VerificationController extends Controller
{
    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Email Verification Controller
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This controller is responsible for handling email verification for any
    | user that recently registered with the application. Emails may also
    | be re-sent if the user didn't receive the original email message.
    |
    */
    use VerifiesEmails;
    /**
     * Where to redirect users after verification.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $redirectTo = '/dashboard';
    /**
     * Create a new controller instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('auth');
        $this->middleware('signed')->only('verify');
        $this->middleware('throttle:6,1')->only('verify', 'resend');
    }
}

Answer 1

I had same problem with API email verification and i had to add event that triggers the email sending in app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php

protected $listen = [
    Registered::class => [
        SendEmailVerificationNotification::class,
    ],
];

and override app/Http/Controllers/Auth/VerificationController.php functions

/**
 * Show the email verification notice.
 *
 */
public function show()
{

}

/**
 * Mark the authenticated user's email address as verified.
 *
 * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
 * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
 */
public function verify(Request $request)
{
    if ($request->route('id') == $request->user()->getKey() &&
        $request->user()->markEmailAsVerified()) {
        event(new Verified($request->user()));
    }

    return response()->json('Email verified!');
}

/**
 * Resend the email verification notification.
 *
 * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
 * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
 */
public function resend(Request $request)
{
    if ($request->user()->hasVerifiedEmail()) {
        return response()->json('User already have verified email!', 422);
    }

    $request->user()->sendEmailVerificationNotification();

    return response()->json('The notification has been resubmitted');
}

/**
 * Create a new controller instance.
 *
 * @return void
 */
public function __construct()
{
    $this->middleware('auth');
    $this->middleware('signed')->only('verify');
    $this->middleware('throttle:6,1')->only('verify', 'resend');
}

Answer 2

Take a look at the Laravel Documentation on Signed URLs

My guess is you are missing this entry in the $routeMiddleware array

// In app\Http\Kernel.php
/**
 * The application's route middleware.
 *
 * These middleware may be assigned to groups or used individually.
 *
 * @var array
 */
protected $routeMiddleware = [
    ...
    'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
];