CODEWITHSUNDEEP
pythonrasterio
Steve Obert
Steve Obert

Reputation: 17

How can I open a specific dataset (band) from a multi dataset MODIS image using Rasterio? Rasterio IndexError: band index out of range

How can I open a specific dataset from a multi dataset MODIS image using Rasterio?

I have posted some sample data on GitHub: https://github.com/SteveObert/rasterIO_question/tree/master/data

If I open a MODIS HDF file with only one band the code below works the way I want it to:

import rasterio

rasterfileMulti = 'MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf'
rasterfileSingle = 'MOD10A1_singleband_HEGOUT.hdf'
shapeFile = 'SFP_drainage.shp'


# Read an HDF into an array

dataset = rasterio.open('rasterfileSingle')
band1 = dataset.read(1)
print(band1)

The output:

array([[ 53,  53, 250, ..., 255, 255, 255],
   [ 56,  56,  56, ..., 255, 255, 255],
   [ 56,  56,  49, ..., 255, 255, 255],
   ...,
   [ 78,  78,  78, ...,  53,  50,  50],
   [ 72,  78,  78, ...,  57,  57,  57],
   [ 72,  72,  72, ...,  61,  61,  61]], dtype=uint8)

However, If I try to open a MODIS HDF file with multiple data sets I get the error "Rasterio IndexError: band index out of range" as below.

rasterfileMulti = MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf

dataset2 = rasterio.open('rasterfileMulti')
band1 = dataset.read(1)
print(band1)

The error from the code above looks like this:

/Users/steve/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rasterio/__init__.py:193: UserWarning: Dataset has no geotransform set.  Default transform will be applied (Affine.identity())
s.start()
Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<ipython-input-9-584312f89d76>", line 3, in <module>
band1 = dataset.read(1)

File "rasterio/_io.pyx", line 720, in rasterio._io.RasterReader.read

IndexError: band index out of range

Ultimately, I want to clip the raster to a shapefile. The code below works the way I want as long as the Modis image only has one band, 'NDSI_Snow_Cover' in this case.

import fiona
import rasterio
rasterfileSingle = MOD10A1_singleband_HEGOUT.hdf
shapeFile = SFP_drainage.shp

with fiona.open(shapeFile, 'r') as shapefile:
    features = [feature['geometry'] for feature in shapefile]


with rasterio.open(rasterfileMulti) as src:
    out_image, out_transform = rasterio.mask.mask(src, features,
                                                        crop=True)
    out_meta = src.meta.copy()


out_meta.update({'driver': 'GTiff',
                 'height': out_image.shape[1],
                 'width': out_image.shape[2],
                 'transform': out_transform})
with      rasterio.open('/Users/steve/Documents/classes/Geos_505/project_Payette/working/data_files/test_clip_out.tif', 'w', **out_meta) as dest:
    dest.write(out_image)

Upvotes: 1

Views: 1457

Answers (1)

LuisTavares
LuisTavares

Reputation: 2206

First, we need to know the name of the subdataset. gdalinfo gives the following 7 subdatasets:

Subdatasets:
  SUBDATASET_1_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:NDSI_Snow_Cover
  SUBDATASET_1_DESC=[350x831] NDSI_Snow_Cover MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit unsigned integer)           
  SUBDATASET_2_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:NDSI_Snow_Cover_Basic_QA
  SUBDATASET_2_DESC=[350x831] NDSI_Snow_Cover_Basic_QA MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit unsigned integer)
  SUBDATASET_3_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA
  SUBDATASET_3_DESC=[350x831] NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit unsigned integer)
  SUBDATASET_4_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:NDSI
  SUBDATASET_4_DESC=[350x831] NDSI MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (16-bit integer)
  SUBDATASET_5_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:Snow_Albedo_Daily_Tile
  SUBDATASET_5_DESC=[350x831] Snow_Albedo_Daily_Tile MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit unsigned integer)
  SUBDATASET_6_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:orbit_pnt
  SUBDATASET_6_DESC=[350x831] orbit_pnt MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit integer)
  SUBDATASET_7_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:granule_pnt
  SUBDATASET_7_DESC=[350x831] granule_pnt MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit unsigned integer)

Now, you can open any subdaset passing GDAL fully-qualified name of the subdataset as argument. For example:

rasterio.open('HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:NDSI_Snow_Cover')

Edit: I added the outer single quotes per the authors suggestion.

Upvotes: 2

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