Reputation: 732
I'm currently working with tkinter for a school-assignment, creating a graphical user-interface for a user to enter their inputs. I have decided to split the inputs in various pages, in order to not overwhelm the user with questions, and not need to scroll.
Each page has a series of Label and Entry, separated on a right and a left divisor, and I've somehow managed to get this to work on each page, with some effort. This is a simplified version of my working code:
import tkinter as tk
class Layers(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, root):
super().__init__(root)
self.layers = []
self.layers.append(Welcome_Page(self))
self.layers.append(Form_1(self))
self.layers.append(Form_2(self))
for layer in self.layers:
layer.add_form(self)
layer.add_buttons(self)
layer.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.layers[0].tkraise()
class Welcome_Page(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, root):
super().__init__(root, width=600, height=800, background="red")
def add_buttons(self, root):
self.next = tk.Button(self, text="Next page", width=25, height=5, command=self.master.layers[1].tkraise)
self.next.place(relx=1, rely=1, anchor="se")
self.prev = tk.Button(self, text="Quit", width=25, height=5, command=self.master.master.destroy)
self.prev.place(relx=0, rely=1, anchor="sw")
pass
def add_form(self, root):
self.text_label = tk.Label(self, text="Welcome to this program")
self.text_label.place(relx=0.5, rely=0, anchor="n")
pass
class Form_1(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, root):
super().__init__(root, width=600, height=800, background="yellow")
def add_buttons(self, root):
self.next = tk.Button(self, text="Next page", width=25, height=5, command=self.master.layers[2].tkraise)
self.next.place(relx=1, rely=1, anchor="se")
self.prev = tk.Button(self, text="Back", width=25, height=5, command=self.master.layers[0].tkraise)
self.prev.place(relx=0, rely=1, anchor="sw")
pass
def add_form(self, root):
self.text_label = tk.Label(self, text="Personal data")
self.text_label.place(relx=0.5, rely=0, anchor="n")
self.container_left = tk.Frame(self, background="#BAFFCE")
self.container_right = tk.Frame(self, background="#72FF9A")
self.container_left.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.container_right.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew")
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1, uniform="group1")
self.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1, uniform="group1")
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.last_name_label = tk.Label(self.container_right, text="Last name")
self.last_name_space = tk.Entry(self.container_right, text="lastname")
self.last_name_label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=(10,0), pady=(10,0))
self.last_name_space.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=(5, 0), pady=(10,0))
pass
class Form_2(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, root):
super().__init__(root, width=600, height=800, background="gray")
def add_buttons(self, root):
self.next = tk.Button(self, text="Next page", width=25, height=5)
self.next.place(relx=1, rely=1, anchor="se")
self.prev = tk.Button(self, text="Back", width=25, height=5, command=self.master.layers[1].tkraise)
self.prev.place(relx=0, rely=1, anchor="sw")
pass
def add_form(self, root):
self.text_label = tk.Label(self, text="Third page")
self.text_label.place(relx=0.5, rely=0, anchor="n")
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("600x800")
window = Layers(root)
window.pack(expand=True, fill="both")
root.mainloop()
Nevertheless, while splitting each page into two different Frame() containers I have stumbled across two issues:
class Layers(tk.Frame): def __init__(self, root): super().__init__(root) self.layers = [] self.layers.append(Welcome_Page(self)) self.layers.append(Form_1(self)) self.layers.append(Form_2(self)) for layer in self.layers: layer.add_form(self) layer.add_buttons(self) layer.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew") layer.container_left = tk.Frame(layer, background="#BAFFCE") layer.container_right = tk.Frame(layer, background="#72FF9A") layer.container_left.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew") layer.container_right.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew") layer.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1, uniform="group1") layer.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1, uniform="group1") layer.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) print(layer) self.layers[0].tkraise()
The error I'm getting is AttributeError: 'Form_1' object has no attribute 'container_right'
. What I get from this is that I haven't created the variable inside the class, but at some other place instead, even though I'm using layer.
. How can I create the variables inside the classes, without reusing the code?
Any other suggestion is appreciated too, as I'm fairly new to Python and Tkinter.
Upvotes: 2
Views: 312
Reputation: 23
I know you mentioned wanting to keep the class structure the same, but it might be worth it to introduce a superclass for your form pages. From there, you can define add_form
and add_buttons
instance methods, and just call them internally from the __init__
of the superclass, instead of looping through the pages. So, like:
class FormPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, width=600, height=800, background="yellow")
self.parent=parent
self.add_buttons()
self.add_form()
def add_buttons(self):
self.next = tk.Button(self, text="Next page", width=25, height=5)
self.next.place(relx=1, rely=1, anchor="se")
self.prev = tk.Button(self, text="Back", width=25, height=5)
self.prev.place(relx=0, rely=1, anchor="sw")
def add_form(self):
self.text_label = tk.Label(self) #use the configure method in child classes to set the text
self.text_label.place(relx=0.5, rely=0, anchor="n")
self.container_left = tk.Frame(self, background="#BAFFCE")
self.container_right = tk.Frame(self, background="#72FF9A")
self.container_left.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.container_right.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew")
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1, uniform="group1")
self.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1, uniform="group1")
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
So, the FormPage
's initialisation will call the add_buttons
and add_form
methods automatically when a form page is instantiated.
Then for a specific form, you could do:
class Form_1(FormPage):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(parent) #call FormPage's initialisation
def add_buttons(self):
self.next.configure(command=self.parent.layers[1].tkraise)
...#add the specific functionality of the buttons using configure
def add_form(self):
super().add_form()
self.text_Label.configure(text="Personal Information")
self.last_name_label = tk.Label(self.container_right, text="Last name")
self.last_name_space = tk.Entry(self.container_right, text="lastname")
self.last_name_label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=(10,0), pady=(10,0))
self.last_name_space.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=(5, 0), pady=(10,0))
So, any child of FormPage
has the attributes container_left
and container_right
.
Then, if certain forms need more button, you can just override the method add_buttons
in that form's class. Likewise for any other method.
Then, you just need a place to store all your pages, like your Layers
class. IMO, you don't need to place all the layers on a grid, because you'll be calling tkraise
from the navigation buttons anyway. I think that your Layers
class could be reduced to:
class Layers(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(self)
self.layers = []
for F in {Welcome_Page, Form_1, Form_2}:
self.layers.append(F(self))
self.layers[0].tkraise()
In general, inheritance hierarchies are a great way to reduce code repetition. Hope this helps :)
Upvotes: 0
Reputation: 8297
You can see the effect of ipadx
and ipady
in your first code by changing line 17 to:
layer.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew", ipadx=30, ipady=30,)
Upvotes: 0