Split, aggregate and combine matrix and keep the same structure in base R

Question

I have a matrix with a grouping column and a column to sum up values.

I want to split the matrix into groups, sum up some values (by keeping the same length of vectors), unsplit it and assign them to a new column?

What is the most performant and base-R-onic way of doing that?

The winner for now is an lapply function, but I am wondering if there is another function I am missing? Something like stats::aggregate which keeps the same structure?

I would like to stay in base R and keep matrices, so no dplyr or data.table ;).

Edit1: I included the aggregate + merge and the sapply solution powered by @IceCreamToucan. (Thanks for that). Its not a very fair comparison for aggregate as I first convert to data.frames and then back to matrices.

Edit2: With bigger matrices and 100 groups ave outperforms the other functions. Thanks to @Gregor for this one.

set.seed(104)
smpl = sample(1:100, size = 10000, T)
mat0 <- as.matrix(data.frame(
  group=smpl,
  sum=sample(seq(0,100,10), length(smpl), T)
))
mat1 <- cbind(mat0, "sums"=0)


library(microbenchmark)
check <- function(values) {
  all(sapply(values[-1], function(x) all.equal(values[[1]], x)))}
mf = microbenchmark(#check = check,
                    forloop = {
                      mat <- mat1
                      for (z in unique(mat[,'group'])) {
                        mat[mat[,'group'] == z,'sums'] = sum(mat[mat[,'group'] == z,'sum'])
                      }
                      mat
                    },
                    lapply = {
                      mat <- mat1
                      mat[,'sums'] <- unlist(lapply(unique(mat[,'group']), function(i) {
                        sums = sum(mat[mat[,'group'] == i,'sum'])
                        rep(sums, length(mat[mat[,'group'] == i,'sum']))
                      }))
                      mat
                    },
                    sapply = {
                      mat <- mat1
                      mat <- mat[order(mat[,'group']),]
                      mat[,'sums'] <- rep(sapply(split(mat[, 'sum'], mat[, 'group']), sum), 
                                          table(mat[, 'group']))
                      mat
                    },
                    ave = {
                      mat <- mat1
                      mat[,'sums'] <- ave(x = mat[, 'sum'], mat[, 'group'], FUN = sum)
                      mat[order(mat[,'group']),]
                    },
                    aggregate = {
                      matA <- mat0
                      matA <- matA[order(matA[,'group']),]
                      res = aggregate(sum ~ group, FUN = sum, data = matA)
                      matdf = data.frame(matA)
                      base::merge(res, matdf, by ="group")
                    }
)
mf

Unit: milliseconds
      expr      min       lq     mean   median       uq       max neval cld
   forloop 19.94083 25.73131 25.95823 25.97898 26.58043  38.68300   100  bc
    lapply 15.96057 21.44226 24.23693 21.88130 22.41287 311.00252   100  bc
    sapply 21.89081 22.41981 23.42291 22.70492 23.04978  37.41853   100  b 
       ave 11.79256 12.08868 12.51119 12.27613 12.52803  18.20577   100 a  
 aggregate 26.54753 27.31484 29.09592 27.71163 28.71937  54.75284   100   c

Answer 1

Consulting various R-FAQ (how to sum by group?, Grouping functions and the *apply family), the base R function for the purpose of summing by group without aggregation is ave:

ave(x = mat1[, 'sum'], mat1[, 'group'], FUN = sum)

As edited into the question, ave is quite fast when there are lots of groups.