Problem with django-RESTframework-Tutorial

Question

I'm trying to get familiar with django-RESTframeworks, therefore I started the official tutorial, to create a Test-API.

https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/#quickstart

When finally starting the API on my Windows via [CMD] "pyhon manage.py runserver", I get an error code on the command line, which you will see below.

I also want to add, that unfortunately, there is some ambiguity in the descriptions in the tutorial, at least from the viewpoint of a beginner, i.e. it's not always certain whether the corresponding code in the tutorial needs to be added in a module or replace all or part of the code in the modules.

Therefore, I tried implementing the directions of the tutorial in various ways, always with the same end result.

I'm running the code in a virtual env, where i've installed Django 1.11., so there shouldn't be an issue with different Django versions.

C:\Users\Rolimar\projects\djREST_tut>workon djresttut
(djresttut) C:\Users\Rolimar\projects\djREST_tut>python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x0000000004CBF978>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 228, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 124, in inner_run
self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 359, in check
include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 346, in _run_checks
return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\registry.py", line 81, in run_checks
new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 16, in check_url_config
return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 26, in check_resolver
return check_method()
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 256, in check
for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 35, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 407, in url_patterns
patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 35, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\Envs\djresttut\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 400, in urlconf_module
return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "c:\python27\Lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
  File "C:\Users\Rolima\projects\djREST_tut\tutorial\urls.py", line 19, in <module>
from django.urls import include, path
ImportError: cannot import name include    

And here my codes, I tried to copy from the tutorial:

"serializers.py"

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers


class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')


class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Group
        fields = ('url', 'name')

"views.py"

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer


class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
    """
    queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
    serializer_class = UserSerializer


class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
    """
    queryset = Group.objects.all()
    serializer_class = GroupSerializer

"urls.py"

            """tutorial URL Configuration

            The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
                https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
            Examples:
            Function views
                1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
                2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
            Class-based views
                1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
                2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
            Including another URLconf
                1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
                2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
            """
            from django.conf.urls import url
            from django.contrib import admin

            from django.urls import include, path
            from rest_framework import routers
            from tutorial.quickstart import views

            router = routers.DefaultRouter()
            router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
            router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)

            urlpatterns = [
                url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
                path('', include(router.urls)),
                path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
            ]

in "settings.py", where I added 'rest_framework'

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles'
    'rest_framework',
]

and where I also added the following code in the very end:

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}

Answer 1

Most probably you are using django<2.0 but following tutorials which are written in django>2.0. From django 2.0, include has been moved to django.urls, before it resided in django.conf.urls(changelog reference). So you need to update your urls.py like this:

        from django.conf.urls import url, include
        from django.contrib import admin
        from rest_framework import routers
        from tutorial.quickstart import views

        router = routers.DefaultRouter()
        router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
        router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)

        urlpatterns = [
            url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
            url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
            url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
        ]

You can't use path as well, because it was introduced in django 2 as well.

Or you can move to django>2.0, but in that case you have to remove from django.conf.urls import url and use from django.urls import url.