CODEWITHSUNDEEP
javareflectionconstructorprivate
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Reputation: 13004

Java: accessing private constructor with type parameters

This is a followup to this question about java private constructors.

Suppose I have the following class:

class Foo<T>
{
    private T arg;
    private Foo(T t) {
        // private!
        this.arg = t;
    }   

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "My argument is: " + arg;
    }   
}

How would I construct a new Foo("hello") using reflection?

ANSWER

Based on jtahlborn's answer, the following works:

public class Example {
    public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
        Constructor<Foo> constructor;
        constructor = Foo.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Object.class);
        constructor.setAccessible(true);
        Foo<String> foo = constructor.newInstance("arg1");
        System.out.println(foo);
    }   
}

Upvotes: 91

Views: 68414

Answers (7)

baidehi ghosh
baidehi ghosh

Reputation: 41

At first I was getting NoSuchMethodException using reflection.

Use this:

Constructor<TestClass> constructor= (Constructor<TestClass>) TestClass.class.getDeclaredConstructors()[0];

Upvotes: 1

Coder
Coder

Reputation: 59

If Junit Test Class (in Test Folder) has the same package name as of Actual Class, then from Junit Test case, we can call all private methods to test, without any additional library like dp4j.

Upvotes: 2

Sanjay Madnani
Sanjay Madnani

Reputation: 813

Well in case if private constructor does not take any argument then we fetch problem while creating new instance, in this case after setAccessible true we can't create object. Even construct.newInstance(null); won't create object for no argument constructor.

can we create object of below code using reflection:

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();

    /* private constructor */
    private Singleton() {}

    public static Singleton getDefaultInstance() {
        return instance;
    }
}

Yes we can create the object of above class. 

// reflection concept to get constructor of a Singleton class.  
Constructor<Singleton> constructor = Singleton.class.getDeclaredConstructor();

// change the accessibility of constructor for outside a class object creation.  
constructor.setAccessible(true);

// creates object of a class as constructor is accessible now.  
Singleton secondOb = constructor.newInstance();

// close the accessibility of a constructor.
constructor.setAccessible(false);

You can Refer: Example 2: "Eager Initialization" and "Singleton Violation by reflection" of my blog: http://sanjaymadnani.wordpress.com/2014/04/14/singleton-design-pattern-in-java/

Upvotes: 13

simpatico
simpatico

Reputation: 11087

As @ArtB said you could use dp4j.com, if you know the constructor you want to use at compile-time. On the project homepage there's an example of just that, accessing a Singleton constructor.

Instead of JUnit's @Test annotate the method in which to inject the Reflection with @Reflect:

public class Example {
    @com.dp4j.Reflect
    public static void main(final String[] args){
        Foo<String> foo = new Foo("hello");
        System.out.println(foo);
    }   
}

To see the reflection generated code use -Averbose=true argument as in this answer.

Upvotes: 3

Mohamed Mansour
Mohamed Mansour

Reputation: 40149

Make sure you use getDeclaredConstructors when getting the constructor and set its accessibility to true since its private.

Something like this should work.

Constructor<Foo> constructor= (Constructor<Foo>) Foo.class.getDeclaredConstructors()[0];
constructor.setAccessible(true); 
Foo obj = constructor.newInstance("foo"); 
System.out.println(obj);

Update

If you want to make use of getDeclaredConstructor, pass Object.class as an argument which translates to a generic T.

Class fooClazz = Class.forName("path.to.package.Foo");
Constructor<Foo> constructor = fooClazz.getDeclaredConstructor(Object.class);
constructor.setAccessible(true); 
Foo obj = constructor.newInstance("foo"); 
System.out.println(obj);

Upvotes: 63

Sled
Sled

Reputation: 18939

There is a library for JUnit (dp4j) that automatically inserts code for accessing private methods. That may be of use.

Upvotes: 1

jtahlborn
jtahlborn

Reputation: 53694

you would need to get the class, find the constructor which takes a single argument with the lower bound of T (in this case Object), force the constructor to be accessible (using the setAccessible method), and finally invoke it with the desired argument.

Upvotes: 34

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