CODEWITHSUNDEEP
powershellwmiwmi-queryget-wmiobject
mfloris
mfloris

Reputation: 361

What are _Base properties in Powershell and how do I use them?

Take for instance the output of 

gwmi Win32_PerfRawData_PerfDisk_PhysicalDisk

Among properties we find 

PercentDiskTime

and 

PercentDiskTime_Base

The documentation about this class at learn.microsoft.com makes no sense to me as it only states that the latter is "Base value for PercentDiskTime"

They're both very large numbers and I don't understand how to link one to the other.

My actual problem is that I need to log the disk activity and the formatted output may exceed 100% therefore one has to compute the value manually using raw values. I found old discussions online about this problem but the solution point to dead links. I also found code but it doesn't work properly.

Thanks

Upvotes: 0

Views: 357

Answers (1)

JosefZ
JosefZ

Reputation: 30228

The PercentDiskTime_Base property represents the private timer for the PercentDiskTime used in calculations FormattedData_PerfDisk from RawData_PerfDisk:

PERF_PRECISION_100NS_TIMER

Description: This counter type shows a value that consists of two counter values: the count of the elapsed time of the event being monitored, and the "clock" time from a private timer in the same units. It measures time in 100 ns units.

This counter type differs from other counter timers in that the clock tick value accompanies the counter value eliminating any possible difference due to latency from the function call. Precision counter types are used when standard system timers are not precise enough for accurate readings.

Generic type: Percentage

Formula: NX – N0 / D1 – D0 where the numerator (N) represents the counter value and the denominator (D) is the value of the private timer. The private timer has the same frequency as the 100 ns timer.

Average: NX – N0 / D1 – D0

Example: PhysicalDisk\% Disk Time

For details and explanation, let's start analyzing Qualifiers of the following properties (sorry, Microsoft is no longer updating linked content regularly):

From Win32_PerfRawData_PerfDisk_PhysicalDisk class:

PercentDiskTime: Data type: uint64, Access type: Read-only

Qualifiers: CounterType (542573824) , DefaultScale (0) , PerfDetail (100)

Percentage of elapsed time that the selected disk drive is busy servicing read or write requests.

PercentDiskTime_Base: Data type: uint64, Access type: Read-only

Qualifiers: CounterType (1073939712) , DefaultScale (0) , PerfDetail (100)

Base value for PercentDiskTime.

Note that:

  • DefaultScale (sint32) = Power of 10 to use for display of the counter. For zero, the estimated maximum is 10^0, or 1, and
  • PerfDetail (sint32) = Audience level of knowledge. Not used. The value is always 100.

From Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfDisk_PhysicalDisk class:

PercentDiskTime: Data type: uint64, Access type: Read-only

Qualifiers: CookingType ("PERF_PRECISION_100NS_TIMER") , Counter ("PercentDiskTime") , PerfTimeStamp ("TimeStamp_Sys100NS") , PerfTimeFreq ("Frequency_Sys100NS") , Base ("PercentDiskTime_Base")

Percentage of elapsed time that the selected disk drive is busy servicing read or write requests.

Take a look into Property Qualifiers for Performance Counter Classes as well.

A simple usage example:

$xxx = Get-WmiObject Win32_PerfRawData_PerfDisk_PhysicalDisk
$x0 = $xxx | Where-Object Name -eq '_Total' |
    Select-Object -Property Name, PercentDiskTime* 
$x0
Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
$xxx = Get-WmiObject Win32_PerfRawData_PerfDisk_PhysicalDisk
$xN = $xxx | Where-Object Name -eq '_Total' |
    Select-Object -Property Name, PercentDiskTime*
'----'
$xn
'----'
$FormattedPercentDiskTime = ( $xn.PercentDiskTime      - $x0.PercentDiskTime      ) / 
                            ( $xn.PercentDiskTime_Base - $x0.PercentDiskTime_Base )
100*$FormattedPercentDiskTime             # not sure about the `100*` multiplier

Output: D:\PShell\SO\58712142.ps1

Name   PercentDiskTime PercentDiskTime_Base
----   --------------- --------------------
_Total      2863146220   132202140117518636
----
_Total      2863151515   132202140128078551
----
0,0501424490632737

Upvotes: 1

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