How do I plot multiple lines on the same graph?

Question

I am using the R. I am trying to use the "lines' command in ggplot2 to show the predicted values vs. the actual values for a statistical model (arima, time series). Yet, when I ran the code, I can only see a line of one color.

I simulated some data in R and then tried to make plots that show actual vs predicted:

#set seed
set.seed(123)

#load libraries
library(xts)
library(stats)


#create data

date_decision_made = seq(as.Date("2014/1/1"), as.Date("2016/1/1"),by="day")

date_decision_made <- format(as.Date(date_decision_made), "%Y/%m/%d")

property_damages_in_dollars <- rnorm(731,100,10)

final_data <- data.frame(date_decision_made, property_damages_in_dollars)


#aggregate
y.mon<-aggregate(property_damages_in_dollars~format(as.Date(date_decision_made),
                                                    format="%W-%y"),data=final_data, FUN=sum)

y.mon$week = y.mon$`format(as.Date(date_decision_made), format = "%W-%y")`

ts = ts(y.mon$property_damages_in_dollars, start = c(2014,1), frequency = 12)

#statistical model
fit = arima(ts, order = c(4, 1, 1))

Here were my attempts at plotting the graphs:

#first attempt at plotting (no second line?)
 plot(fit$residuals, col="red")
 lines(fitted(fit),col="blue")

#second attempt at plotting (no second line?)

par(mfrow = c(2,1),
    oma = c(0,0,0,0), 
    mar = c(2,4,1,1))
plot(ts,  main="as-is") # plot original sim
lines(fitted(fit), col = "red") # plot fitted values
legend("topleft", legend = c("original","fitted"), col = c("black","red"),lty = 1)

#third attempt (plot actual, predicted and 5 future values - here, the actual and future values show up, but not the predicted)

pred = predict(fit, n.ahead = 5)
ts.plot(ts, pred$pred, lty = c(1,3), col=c(5,2))

However, none of these seem to be working correctly. Could someone please tell me what I am doing wrong? (note: the computer I am using for my work does not have an internet connection or a usb port - it only has R with some preloaded packages. I do not have access to the forecast package.)

Thanks

---

Sources:

• In R plot arima fitted model with the original series
• R fitted ARIMA off by one timestep? pkg:Forecast
• Plotting predicted values in ARIMA time series in R

Answer 1

You seem to be confusing a couple of things:

1. fitted usually does not work on an object of class arima. Usually, you can load the forecast package first and then use fitted. But since you do not have acces to the forecast package you cannot use fitted(fit): it always returns NULL. I had problems with fitted before.

2. You want to compare the actual series (x) to the fitted series (y), yet in your first attempt you work with the residuals (e = x - y)

3. You say you are using ggplot2 but actually you are not

So here is a small example on how to plot the actual series and the fitted series without ggplot.

set.seed(1)

x <- cumsum(rnorm(10))
y <- stats::arima(x, order = c(1, 0, 0))

plot(x, col = "red", type = "l")
lines(x - y$residuals, col = "blue")

I Hope this answer helps you get back on tracks.