Azure DevOps remote branches are not visible in one repository

Question

The list of actions I do and the result:

1. Locally I have a master branch and I have it on a remote.

2. I create a dev/test branch locally

3. I push it to the remote

4. On the Azure DevOps website I can see that branch appeared in Branches in the "Mine" tab.

5. If I try to fetch and list branches from Visual Studio or git bash only the master branch is visible.

   $ git branch -r  
     origin/HEAD -> origin/master   
     origin/master
   

The only way I found to show all remote branches is:

$ git ls-remote --heads origin
08e2d2e3d332b607cef7cc85068b7eb1459d6d82        refs/heads/dev/test
04465a9f213757430aea00b77c4841c2e35ec8dc        refs/heads/master

The problem is that I cannot checkout/pull/merge the branch that I don't see.

I tried to create a new repository and do the same actions, everything is visible as usual and as it should be. So the issue only with a specific repository.

My question is, what should I check? How to make the remote branch visible?

Actions I tried:

git fetch does absolutely nothing.

$ git branch -vv
* dev/test      ada4e0e commmitMessage 
  master        ada4e0e [origin/master] commmitMessage 

It doesn't show remote tracking, I tried to add it

$ git branch -u origin/dev/test
error: the requested upstream branch 'origin/dev/test' does not exist
hint:
hint: If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream
hint: branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to
hint: run "git fetch" to retrieve it.
hint:
hint: If you are planning to push out a new local branch that
hint: will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use
hint: "git push -u" to set the upstream config as you push.

So I did what was suggested

$ git push -u
Everything up-to-date
Branch 'dev/test' set up to track remote branch 'dev/test' from 'origin'.
    

And checked again

$ git fetch
From https://dev.azure.com/company/repo/_git/repo
 * branch            dev/test   -> FETCH_HEAD

$ git branch -vv
* dev/test      ada4e0e commmitMessage 
  master        ada4e0e [origin/master] commmitMessage 

$ git branch -r
  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
  origin/master

Answer 1

The above answer maybe a red herring. I had the same problem but was already using ssh checkout. The issue for me was devops messing with the refspec. Try inspecting the git config via the pipeline with git config --list. It will probably look something like this

remote.origin.fetch=+refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master

This isnt helpful, try resetting to the default like this

git config remote.origin.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"

The fetchs and pulls should now work like normal

Answer 2

I found out the solution. The repository was connected via HTTPS.
Switching to SSH solved all the issues.

The step by step instruction in microsoft docs.

Step 1
In Bash: $ ssh-keygen -C "your@email.com".

Step 2
Add public key to Azure DevOps.

Step 3
Move generated private key file to C:\Users\{username}\.ssh.
On the same location create config file with

Host ssh.dev.azure.com
  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/privateKey     
  IdentitiesOnly yes

Step 4
Clone using SSH link.

Done!