How to set some space between the colorbar and the image

Question

I would like to set some space between the image and the colorbar, I have tried the pad but do nothing, so... This is the image I have:

and this is the code:

from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import make_axes_locatable
from matplotlib.colors import LogNorm
from matplotlib.ticker import LogLocator
from matplotlib import rcParams
rcParams['font.size']=35
x = np.arange(0,16,1)
yx= np.linspace(-50,0,38)
mx = np.random.rand(15,38)
m2 = np.linspace(0,6,38)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(40,30))
divider = make_axes_locatable(ax)


cax = divider.append_axes('right', size='5%', pad=2)

im = ax.pcolor(x,yx,mx.T,norm=LogNorm(0.1, 100),cmap= 'jet')
cbar = fig.colorbar(im,pad = 2,cax=cax, orientation='vertical')
cbar.ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(LogLocator())  # <- Why? See above.
cbar.ax.set_ylabel('Resistividade \u03C1 [ohm.m]', rotation=270)
ax2=ax.twiny()
ax2.plot(m2,yx,'k--',linewidth=10)
#ax2.set_xlim([0,60])
ax2.set_xlabel('Resistividade \u03C1 [ohm.m]')
ax.set_xlabel('Aquisição')
ax.set_ylabel('Profundidade [m]')
#fig.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('mrec_1'+'.png',bbox_inches = "tight", format='png', dpi=300)  
plt.show()

Answer 1

The secondary axes occupies all of the space in the figure that is meant for axes. Therefore, no matter what padding you give to the colorbar of ax, it wont affect ax2.

A hacky-ish solution would be to also spit your secondary axes exactly the same as the primary axes, and then delete the axes where the second colorbar goes:

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 8))

pad = 0.2  # change the padding. Will affect both axes

im = ax.pcolor(x, yx, mx.T, norm=LogNorm(0.1, 100), cmap='jet')
divider = make_axes_locatable(ax)
cax = divider.append_axes('right', size='5%', pad=pad)

ax2 = ax.twiny()

ax2.plot(m2, yx, 'k--', linewidth=10)
ax2.set_xlim([0, 60])
ax2.set_xlabel('Resistividade \u03C1 [ohm.m]')
ax.set_xlabel('Aquisição')
ax.set_ylabel('Profundidade [m]')

cbar = fig.colorbar(im,pad = 2,cax=cax, orientation='vertical')
cbar.ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(LogLocator())
cbar.ax.set_ylabel('Resistividade \u03C1 [ohm.m]', rotation=270)

secondary_divider = make_axes_locatable(ax2)  # divide second axes
redundant_cax = secondary_divider.append_axes('right', size='5%', pad=pad)
redundant_cax.remove()  # delete the second (empty) colorbar

plt.show()