CSS line height does not go all the way up or down

Question

I have a problem that I've had for years.

A text with line-height: 1 will be compact and will reach the top and bottom of the surrounding elements.

A text with another line-height will be more readable but at the same time, it will no longer reach the top and bottom of the surrounding elements.

Here is a code example of the problem and a hackish solution. Changing the line-height or the font size will break it.

Is the a solid fix for this?

.wrap {
  display: flex;
}

.first {
  background: red;
  width: 1rem;
}

.second,
.second2{
  line-height: 2;
}

.second2 {
  margin-top: -9px;
  margin-bottom: -7px;
}

<strong>Problem:</strong> The letter "A" does not align with the red top.<br><br>

<div class="wrap">
  <div class="first"></div>
  <div class="second">A text that<br>spans on multiple rows</div>
</div>

<br><br>

<strong>Hackish fix:</strong> The letter "A" does align with the red top.<br><br>

<div class="wrap">
  <div class="first"></div>
  <div class="second2">A text that<br>spans on multiple rows</div>
</div>

The line-height is taken to the extreme, just to show the effect.

Answer 1

As you've observed, if you give an element containing text:

• a font-size of 1em
• a line-height of 2em

the text will be rendered in the vertical middle of the line-height.

The text will still be 1em tall, but it will now have 0.5em of space above it and below it.

To (seemingly, though not actually) counteract this vertical-middle-alignment, one approach would be to apply a

transform: translateY(-0.5em)

to the text-containing element.

---

Working Example:

body {
  display: flex;
}

.wrap-1,
.wrap-2,
.wrap-3 {
  display: flex;
  margin-right: 12px;
}

.first {
  background: red;
  width: 1rem;
}

.wrap-1 .second {
  font-size: 1em;
  line-height: 1em;
  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);
}

.wrap-2 .second {
  font-size: 1em;
  line-height: 2em;
  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);
}

.wrap-3 .second {
  font-size: 1em;
  line-height: 2em;
  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);
}

.wrap-3 .second p {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  transform: translateY(-0.5em);
}

p {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

<div class="wrap-1">
  <div class="first"></div>
  <div class="second"><p>A text that<br>spans on multiple rows</p></div>
</div>

<div class="wrap-2">
  <div class="first"></div>
  <div class="second"><p>A text that<br>spans on multiple rows</p></div>
</div>

<div class="wrap-3">
  <div class="first"></div>
  <div class="second"><p>A text that<br>spans on multiple rows</p></div>
</div>