How Do I Compile Google Test Code With cl.exe

Question

I am attempting to port some C++ files which run under Google Test (gtest) from a Linux development environment to a Windows development environment. I haven't used Visual Studio in about ten years and am more of a Linux guy so this may be a very ignorant question. How can I compile and link Google Test using the cl.exe compile of Visual Studio 2019?

I have a simple example test.cpp file:

#include "gtest/gtest.h"

TEST(TestCaseName, TestName)
{
    EXPECT_EQ(1, 1);
    EXPECT_TRUE(true);
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
    RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}

I try to compile it with something like:

cl.exe /I "C:\gtest\include" main.cpp gtest.lib gtest_main.lib

This compiles for me but it does not link. I get 26 unresolved externals, such as __imp___dup, __imp___dup2, and __imp___creat. Is there something I am missing from my compile line?

The full output is as follows, but it may be messy as I am probably making an obvious mistake:

test.cpp
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.28.29910\include\ostream(746): warning C4530: C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics are not enabled. Specify /EHsc
C:\Users\dfarm\Source\Repos\Sample-Test1\packages\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.3\build
ative\include\gtest/gtest-message.h(106): note: see reference to function template instantiation 'std::basic_ostream    &std::operator <<>(std::basic_ostream    &,const char *)' being compiled
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 14.28.29914.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:test.exe 
test.obj 
gtest.lib 
gtest_main.lib 
gtest.lib(gtest-all.obj) : error LNK2038: mismatch detected for 'RuntimeLibrary': value 'MD_DynamicRelease' doesn't match value 'MT_StaticRelease' in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: struct _Cvtvec __thiscall std::_Locinfo::_Getcvt(void)const " (?_Getcvt@_Locinfo@std@@QBE?AU_Cvtvec@@XZ) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: unsigned short const * __thiscall std::_Locinfo::_W_Getdays(void)const " (?_W_Getdays@_Locinfo@std@@QBEPBGXZ) already defined in libcpmt.lib(wlocale.obj)
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: unsigned short const * __thiscall std::_Locinfo::_W_Getmonths(void)const " (?_W_Getmonths@_Locinfo@std@@QBEPBGXZ) already defined in libcpmt.lib(wlocale.obj)
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: __thiscall std::basic_streambuf::basic_streambuf(void)" (??0?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAE@XZ) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: virtual __thiscall std::basic_streambuf::~basic_streambuf(void)" (??1?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@UAE@XZ) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::basic_streambuf::sputc(char)" (?sputc@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEHD@Z) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: char * __thiscall std::basic_streambuf::_Pninc(void)" (?_Pninc@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAEPADXZ) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: virtual __thiscall std::basic_ios::~basic_ios(void)" (??1?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@UAE@XZ) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_ios::setstate(int,bool)" (?setstate@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXH_N@Z) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: char __thiscall std::basic_ios::widen(char)const " (?widen@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QBEDD@Z) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: __thiscall std::basic_ios::basic_ios(void)" (??0?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAE@XZ) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_ostream::_Osfx(void)" (?_Osfx@?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream::operator<<(int)" (??6?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEAAV01@H@Z) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream::flush(void)" (?flush@?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEAAV12@XZ) already defined in test.obj
msvcprt.lib(MSVCP140.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::basic_iostream::basic_iostream(class std::basic_streambuf::~basic_iostream(void)" (??1?$basic_iostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@UAE@XZ) already defined in test.obj
   Creating library test.lib and object test.exp
LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib 'MSVCRT' conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library
LINK : warning LNK4217: symbol '__invalid_parameter_noinfo_noreturn' defined in 'libucrt.lib(invalid_parameter.obj)' is imported by 'gtest.lib(gtest-all.obj)' in function '"public: class testing::Message & __thiscall testing::Message::operator<<(class testing::Message const &)" (??$?6VMessage@testing@@@Message@testing@@QAEAAV01@ABV01@@Z)'
LINK : warning LNK4217: symbol '_calloc' defined in 'libucrt.lib(calloc.obj)' is imported by 'gtest.lib(gtest-all.obj)' in function '"wchar_t * __cdecl std::_Maklocwcs(wchar_t const *)" (?_Maklocwcs@std@@YAPA_WPB_W@Z)'
LINK : warning LNK4217: symbol '_free' defined in 'libucrt.lib(free.obj)' is imported by 'gtest.lib(gtest-all.obj)' in function '"public: __thiscall testing::internal::RE::~RE(void)" (??1RE@internal@testing@@QAE@XZ)'
LINK : warning LNK4217: symbol '_malloc' defined in 'libucrt.lib(malloc.obj)' is imported by 'gtest.lib(gtest-all.obj)' in function '"private: void __thiscall testing::internal::RE::Init(char const *)" (?Init@RE@internal@testing@@AAEXPBD@Z)'
LINK : warning LNK4217: symbol '__errno' defined in 'libucrt.lib(errno.obj)' is imported by 'gtest.lib(gtest-all.obj)' in function '"bool __cdecl testing::internal::ParseNaturalNumber(class std::basic_string,class std::allocator(class std::basic_string,class std::allocator,class std::allocator,class std::allocator(class std::basic_string,class std::allocator(char const *,unsigned int,class std::basic_ostream,class std::allocator,class std::allocator,class std::allocator,class std::allocator

How Do I Compile Google Test Code With cl.exe

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