Spring boot applicaiton unable to find SQLite jdbc driver class

Question

In my Spring boot application I have the dependency for sqlite jdbc driver specified:

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.xerial</groupId>
  <artifactId>sqlite-jdbc</artifactId>
  <version>3.34.0</version>
</dependency>

and in pom.xml properties

<hibernate.version>5.1.0.Final</hibernate.version>

and have the below in my application.properties:

spring.jpa.database-platform=com.springboot.sqlite.SQLDialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.defer-datasource-initialization = true

spring.datasource.url = jdbc:sqlite:cryptobot.db
spring.datasource.driver-class-name = org.sqlite.JDBC

The SQLDialect class I have provided is copied from this article. But running the application fails with

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaConfiguration.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'entityManagerFactory' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactoryBuilder' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaConfiguration.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'entityManagerFactoryBuilder' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'jpaVendorAdapter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaVendorAdapter]: Factory method 'jpaVendorAdapter' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hibernate/jpa/HibernatePersistenceProvider at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:800) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:541) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1352) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1195) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:582) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208) ~[spring-beans-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1154) ~[spring-context-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:908) ~[spring-context-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) ~[spring-context-5.3.13.jar:5.3.13] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:730) ~[spring-boot-2.6.1.jar:2.6.1] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:412) ~[spring-boot-2.6.1.jar:2.6.1] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:302) ~[spring-boot-2.6.1.jar:2.6.1] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1301) ~[spring-boot-2.6.1.jar:2.6.1] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1290) ~[spring-boot-2.6.1.jar:2.6.1] at com.binance.bot.BinancebotApplication.main(BinancebotApplication.java:10) ~[classes/:na]

What is going wrong here?

Answer 1

This main problem is that you are explicitly configure to use Hibernate 5.1.0 by the following configuration in pom.xml

<hibernate.version>5.1.0.Final</hibernate.version>

which is too old (released 6 years ago) and spring-boot 2.6.1 is no longer support it for a long time.

Technically, spring-boot 2.6 is based on spring 5.3 and spring 5.3 is developed and test against Hibernate 5.3+ , and try to be backwards-compatible with Hibernate 5.2 at runtime on a best-effort basis. You can find such info at the javadoc of HibernateJpaVendorAdapter and this issue .

It tries to load the org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider at some point but this class only exist since Hibernate 5.2. As you are using Hibernate 5.1 now and hence it complains it cannot load it with the following error:

[org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaVendorAdapter]: Factory method 'jpaVendorAdapter' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hibernate/jpa/HibernatePersistenceProvider

So simply remove the above <hibernate.version> in pom.xml such that it will use the hibernate 5.6.1 defined by spring-boot 2.6.1 and your problem should then be solved. It does not make sense to use a very old Hibernate version for a new project.

Answer 2

I tried to replicate this in my local machine and here the solution.

You have to create your own dilect by extending org.hibernate.dialect

package com.mehul.SQLiteDemo.dialect;

import java.sql.Types;

import org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.SQLFunctionTemplate;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.StandardSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.VarArgsSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.type.StringType;

public class SQLDialect extends Dialect {
    public SQLDialect() {
        registerColumnType(Types.BIT, "integer");
        registerColumnType(Types.TINYINT, "tinyint");
        registerColumnType(Types.SMALLINT, "smallint");
        registerColumnType(Types.INTEGER, "integer");
        registerColumnType(Types.BIGINT, "bigint");
        registerColumnType(Types.FLOAT, "float");
        registerColumnType(Types.REAL, "real");
        registerColumnType(Types.DOUBLE, "double");
        registerColumnType(Types.NUMERIC, "numeric");
        registerColumnType(Types.DECIMAL, "decimal");
        registerColumnType(Types.CHAR, "char");
        registerColumnType(Types.VARCHAR, "varchar");
        registerColumnType(Types.LONGVARCHAR, "longvarchar");
        registerColumnType(Types.DATE, "date");
        registerColumnType(Types.TIME, "time");
        registerColumnType(Types.TIMESTAMP, "timestamp");
        registerColumnType(Types.BINARY, "blob");
        registerColumnType(Types.VARBINARY, "blob");
        registerColumnType(Types.LONGVARBINARY, "blob");
        // registerColumnType(Types.NULL, "null");
        registerColumnType(Types.BLOB, "blob");
        registerColumnType(Types.CLOB, "clob");
        registerColumnType(Types.BOOLEAN, "integer");

        registerFunction("concat", new VarArgsSQLFunction(StringType.INSTANCE, "", "||", ""));
        registerFunction("mod", new SQLFunctionTemplate(StringType.INSTANCE, "?1 % ?2"));
        registerFunction("substr", new StandardSQLFunction("substr", StringType.INSTANCE));
        registerFunction("substring", new StandardSQLFunction("substr", StringType.INSTANCE));
    }

    public boolean supportsIdentityColumns() {
        return true;
    }

    public boolean hasDataTypeInIdentityColumn() {
        return false; // As specify in NHibernate dialect
    }

    public String getIdentityColumnString() {
        // return "integer primary key autoincrement";
        return "integer";
    }

    public String getIdentitySelectString() {
        return "select last_insert_rowid()";
    }

    public boolean supportsLimit() {
        return true;
    }

    protected String getLimitString(String query, boolean hasOffset) {
        return new StringBuffer(query.length() + 20).append(query).append(hasOffset ? " limit ? offset ?" : " limit ?")
                .toString();
    }

    public boolean supportsTemporaryTables() {
        return true;
    }

    public String getCreateTemporaryTableString() {
        return "create temporary table if not exists";
    }

    public boolean dropTemporaryTableAfterUse() {
        return false;
    }

    public boolean supportsCurrentTimestampSelection() {
        return true;
    }

    public boolean isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable() {
        return false;
    }

    public String getCurrentTimestampSelectString() {
        return "select current_timestamp";
    }

    public boolean supportsUnionAll() {
        return true;
    }

    public boolean hasAlterTable() {
        return false; // As specify in NHibernate dialect
    }

    public boolean dropConstraints() {
        return false;
    }

    public String getAddColumnString() {
        return "add column";
    }

    public String getForUpdateString() {
        return "";
    }

    public boolean supportsOuterJoinForUpdate() {
        return false;
    }

    public String getDropForeignKeyString() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("No drop foreign key syntax supported by SQLiteDialect");
    }

    public String getAddForeignKeyConstraintString(String constraintName, String[] foreignKey, String referencedTable,
            String[] primaryKey, boolean referencesPrimaryKey) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("No add foreign key syntax supported by SQLiteDialect");
    }

    public String getAddPrimaryKeyConstraintString(String constraintName) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("No add primary key syntax supported by SQLiteDialect");
    }

    public boolean supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName() {
        return true;
    }

    public boolean supportsCascadeDelete() {
        return false;
    }
}

Also update spring.jpa.database-platform=com.mehul.SQLiteDemo.dialect.SQLDialect with your package and classname.

Note : I used <hibernate.version>5.6.3.Final</hibernate.version>

Answer 3

Since, Hibernate doesn't ship with a Dialect for SQLite, you can follow the paths below:

1. Create your own dialect class by extending Dialect.

import java.sql.Types;
import org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect;

public class SQLiteDialect extends Dialect {
 public SQLiteDialect() {
  super();
  registerColumnType(Types.BIT, "integer");
  registerColumnType(Types.TINYINT, "tinyint");
  registerColumnType(Types.SMALLINT, "smallint");
  registerColumnType(Types.INTEGER, "integer");
  registerColumnType(Types.BIGINT, "bigint");
  registerColumnType(Types.FLOAT, "float");
  registerColumnType(Types.REAL, "real");
  registerColumnType(Types.DOUBLE, "double");
  registerColumnType(Types.NUMERIC, "numeric");
  registerColumnType(Types.DECIMAL, "decimal");
  registerColumnType(Types.CHAR, "char");
  registerColumnType(Types.VARCHAR, "varchar");
  .
  .
  .
 }
}

Click for the complete example.

2. You can use 3rd party dialects.

For Hibernate 5 add the dependency:

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.github.gwenn</groupId>
        <artifactId>sqlite-dialect</artifactId>
        <version>0.1.2</version>
    </dependency>

and the configuration:

hibernate.dialect=org.sqlite.hibernate.dialect.SQLiteDialect