GitLab code climate not recognizing .rubocop.yml config

Question

I am attempting to enable code quality reports for merge requests for a Ruby on Rails application managed in GitLab.

In my .gitlab-ci.yml file I have added the code quality template.

.gitlab-ci.yml:

include:
  - template: Jobs/SAST.gitlab-ci.yml
  - template: Jobs/Secret-Detection.gitlab-ci.yml
  - template: Code-Quality.gitlab-ci.yml

My .rubocop.yml file, stored in the root of the project has lots of configuration.

require:
  - rubocop-rspec
  - rubocop-rails
  - rubocop-performance
Style/HashEachMethods:
  Enabled: true
Style/HashTransformKeys:
  Enabled: true
Metrics/AbcSize:
  Enabled: false
…

And I have configured a .codeclimate.yml file as such.

version: "2"
plugins:
  rubocop:
    enabled: true
    channel: rubocop-1-48-1
    config:
      file: .rubocop.yml

If I run rubocop locally I get a clean bill of health. When GitLab runs it as part of a merge request pipeline, it has over 100 failures.

Major - Method get_state has 32 lines of code (exceeds 25 allowed). Consider refactoring.

in app/services/order/order_service.rb:62

I am basing my config on GitLab's Documentation and Code Climate's documentation.

Edit: Here is what I get when I run codeclimate locally, with the specific details of the failing code obfuscated.

✗ docker run \
  --interactive --tty --rm \
  --env CODECLIMATE_CODE="$PWD" \
  --volume "$PWD":/code \
  --volume /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
  --volume /tmp/cc:/tmp/cc \
  codeclimate/codeclimate analyze
Starting analysis
Running structure: Done!
Running duplication: Done!
Running rubocop: Done!

== app/controllers/foobar_controller.rb (1 issue) ==
18-29: Method `barbaz` has a Cognitive Complexity of 6 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. [structure]

…