C code compiles under Debian-buster but not Debian-bullseye under Docker

Question

I got a g++ compile error when trying to upgrade from Docker image php:7.2-apache to php:7.4-apache. The base image of php:7.2-apache is debian:buster-slim, and the base image of 7.4-apache is debian:bullseye-slim.

I then recreated the problem between debian:buster-slim and debian:bullseye-slim.

Here's a dockerfile that works:

FROM debian:buster-slim

RUN apt-get -y update && \
    apt-get install --yes --no-install-recommends \
    openssh-client \ 
    git \
    nano \
    cron \
    ffmpeg \
    libjpeg-dev \
    libmariadb-dev-compat \
    libpng-dev \
    libxpm-dev \
    libfreetype6-dev \
    libwebp-dev \
    libjpeg62-turbo-dev \
    libgd-dev \
    g++


WORKDIR "/test"
RUN printf "#include <stdio.h>\n#include <mysql.h>\n#include <jpeglib.h>\nusing namespace std;\nint main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {\nMYSQL mysql;\nmysql_init(&mysql);\nstruct jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo;\n}" > main.cpp
RUN g++ -std=c++11 -I/usr/include/mysql -lmysqlclient -ljpeg main.cpp -o test

Here's a dockerfile that doesn't work:

FROM debian:bullseye-slim

RUN apt-get -y update && \
    apt-get install --yes --no-install-recommends \
    openssh-client \
    git \
    nano \
    cron \
    ffmpeg \
    libjpeg-dev \
    libmariadb-dev-compat \
    libpng-dev \
    libxpm-dev \
    libfreetype6-dev \
    libwebp-dev \
    libjpeg62-turbo-dev \
    libgd-dev \
    g++

WORKDIR "/test"
RUN printf "#include <stdio.h>\n#include <mysql.h>\n#include <jpeglib.h>\nusing namespace std;\nint main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {\nMYSQL mysql;\nmysql_init(&mysql);\nstruct jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo;\n}" > main.cpp
RUN g++ -std=c++11 -I/usr/include/mysql -lmysqlclient -ljpeg main.cpp -o test

The errors I get include:

main.cpp:(.text+0x23): undefined reference to `mysql_init'

(There's a similar error for the jpeg library if I remove mysql from the dockerfile.)

I believe the problem is that it can't link the mysqlclient and jpeg libraries.

Anyone know the root cause and how to fix? Thanks!

NOTE: I edited the question so that the dockerfiles are self-contained with a "mini" C program (RUN printf...). The image can be built by anyone using:

docker build . -t myimage