CODEWITHSUNDEEP
bashdirectorydirname
YTKColumba
YTKColumba

Reputation: 4323

Getting the parent of a directory in Bash

If I have a file path such as...

/home/smith/Desktop/Test
/home/smith/Desktop/Test/

How do I change the string so it will be the parent directory?

e.g.

/home/smith/Desktop
/home/smith/Desktop/

Upvotes: 356

Views: 387396

Answers (14)

Michael Hoffman
Michael Hoffman

Reputation: 34324

dir=/home/smith/Desktop/Test
parentdir="$(dirname "$dir")"

Works if there is a trailing slash, too.

Upvotes: 553

Chevdor
Chevdor

Reputation: 771

As mentioned above, going from /some/folder/foo/bar/.. to /some/folder/foo is rather trivial using buildin cd <...>; pwd.

This however will have side effects when working with relative path as cd + pwd will resolve to an absolute path.

If you want to resolve folder/foo/bar/.. into folder/foo, you can use sed:

relative_path=folder/foo/bar/..
echo $relative_path | sed -E 's/(.*)\/(.*)\/\.\./\1/g'

The regexp used above is basically replacing any pat1/pat2/.. by pat1.

That can also be used as a function:


function relative_parent() {
  echo "$1" | sed -E 's/(.*)\/(.*)\/\.\./\1/g'
}

and called as:

relative_parent $relative_path

Upvotes: 0

igo
igo

Reputation: 1787

If you need just the name of parent directory:

parent_dir_name=$(basename $(dirname $PWD))

Upvotes: 14

Rian Rizvi
Rian Rizvi

Reputation: 10825

Clearly the parent directory is given by simply appending the dot-dot filename:

/home/smith/Desktop/Test/..     # unresolved path

But you must want the resolved path (an absolute path without any dot-dot path components):

/home/smith/Desktop             # resolved path

The problem with the top answers that use dirname, is that they don't work when you enter a path with dot-dots:

$ dir=~/Library/../Desktop/../..
$ parentdir="$(dirname "$dir")"
$ echo $parentdir
/Users/username/Library/../Desktop/..   # not fully resolved

This is more powerful:

dir=/home/smith/Desktop/Test
parentdir=$(builtin cd $dir; pwd)

You can feed it /home/smith/Desktop/Test/.., but also more complex paths like:

$ dir=~/Library/../Desktop/../..
$ parentdir=$(builtin cd $dir; pwd)
$ echo $parentdir
/Users                                  # the fully resolved path!

NOTE: use of builtin ensures no user defined function variant of cd is called, but rather the default utility form which has no output.

Upvotes: 47

null canvas
null canvas

Reputation: 10613

This would go up to the parent folder

cd ../

Upvotes: -4

ClimbingTheCurve
ClimbingTheCurve

Reputation: 333

if for whatever reason you are interested in navigating up a specific number of directories you could also do: nth_path=$(cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && cd ../../../ && pwd). This would give 3 parents directories up

Upvotes: 0

kris
kris

Reputation: 314

Started from the idea/comment Charles Duffy - Dec 17 '14 at 5:32 on the topic Get current directory name (without full path) in a Bash script

#!/bin/bash
#INFO : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1371261/get-current-directory-name-without-full-path-in-a-bash-script
# comment : by Charles Duffy - Dec 17 '14 at 5:32
# at the beginning :



declare -a dirName[]

function getDirNames(){
dirNr="$(  IFS=/ read -r -a dirs <<<"${dirTree}"; printf '%s\n' "$((${#dirs[@]} - 1))"  )"

for(( cnt=0 ; cnt < ${dirNr} ; cnt++))
  do
      dirName[$cnt]="$( IFS=/ read -r -a dirs <<<"$PWD"; printf '%s\n' "${dirs[${#dirs[@]} - $(( $cnt+1))]}"  )"
      #information – feedback
      echo "$cnt :  ${dirName[$cnt]}"
  done
}

dirTree=$PWD;
getDirNames;

Upvotes: 0

St&#233;phane Gourichon
St&#233;phane Gourichon

Reputation: 6981

Motivation for another answer

I like very short, clear, guaranteed code. Bonus point if it does not run an external program, since the day you need to process a huge number of entries, it will be noticeably faster.

Principle

Not sure about what guarantees you have and want, so offering anyway.

If you have guarantees you can do it with very short code. The idea is to use bash text substitution feature to cut the last slash and whatever follows.

Answer from simple to more complex cases of the original question.

If path is guaranteed to end without any slash (in and out)

P=/home/smith/Desktop/Test ; echo "${P%/*}"
/home/smith/Desktop

If path is guaranteed to end with exactly one slash (in and out)

P=/home/smith/Desktop/Test/ ; echo "${P%/*/}/"
/home/smith/Desktop/

If input path may end with zero or one slash (not more) and you want output path to end without slash

for P in \
    /home/smith/Desktop/Test \
    /home/smith/Desktop/Test/
do
    P_ENDNOSLASH="${P%/}" ; echo "${P_ENDNOSLASH%/*}"
done

/home/smith/Desktop
/home/smith/Desktop

If input path may have many extraneous slashes and you want output path to end without slash

for P in \
    /home/smith/Desktop/Test \
    /home/smith/Desktop/Test/ \
    /home/smith///Desktop////Test// 
do
    P_NODUPSLASH="${P//\/*(\/)/\/}"
    P_ENDNOSLASH="${P_NODUPSLASH%%/}"
    echo "${P_ENDNOSLASH%/*}";   
done

/home/smith/Desktop
/home/smith/Desktop
/home/smith/Desktop

Upvotes: 20

magoofromparis
magoofromparis

Reputation: 1

ugly but efficient

function Parentdir()

{

local lookFor_ parent_ switch_ i_

lookFor_="$1"

#if it is not a file, we need the grand parent
[ -f "$lookFor_" ] || switch_="/.."

#length of search string
i_="${#lookFor_}"

#remove string one by one until it make sens for the system
while [ "$i_" -ge 0 ] && [ ! -d "${lookFor_:0:$i_}" ];
do
    let i_--
done

#get real path
parent_="$(realpath "${lookFor_:0:$i_}$switch_")" 

#done
echo "
lookFor_: $1
{lookFor_:0:$i_}: ${lookFor_:0:$i_}
realpath {lookFor_:0:$i_}: $(realpath ${lookFor_:0:$i_})
parent_: $parent_ 
"

}

    lookFor_: /home/Om Namah Shivaya
{lookFor_:0:6}: /home/
realpath {lookFor_:0:6}: /home
parent_: /home 


lookFor_: /var/log
{lookFor_:0:8}: /var/log
realpath {lookFor_:0:8}: /UNIONFS/var/log
parent_: /UNIONFS/var 


lookFor_: /var/log/
{lookFor_:0:9}: /var/log/
realpath {lookFor_:0:9}: /UNIONFS/var/log
parent_: /UNIONFS/var 


lookFor_: /tmp//res.log/..
{lookFor_:0:6}: /tmp//
realpath {lookFor_:0:6}: /tmp
parent_: / 


lookFor_: /media/sdc8/../sdc8/Debian_Master//a
{lookFor_:0:35}: /media/sdc8/../sdc8/Debian_Master//
realpath {lookFor_:0:35}: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master
parent_: /media/sdc8 


lookFor_: /media/sdc8//Debian_Master/../Debian_Master/a
{lookFor_:0:44}: /media/sdc8//Debian_Master/../Debian_Master/
realpath {lookFor_:0:44}: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master
parent_: /media/sdc8 


lookFor_: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master/../Debian_Master/For_Debian
{lookFor_:0:53}: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master/../Debian_Master/For_Debian
realpath {lookFor_:0:53}: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master/For_Debian
parent_: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master 


lookFor_: /tmp/../res.log
{lookFor_:0:8}: /tmp/../
realpath {lookFor_:0:8}: /
parent_: /

Upvotes: 0

Marcelo Lacerda
Marcelo Lacerda

Reputation: 937

Depending on whether you need absolute paths you may want to take an extra step:

child='/home/smith/Desktop/Test/'
parent=$(dirname "$child")
abs_parent=$(realpath "$parent")

Upvotes: 4

Endu A-d
Endu A-d

Reputation: 399

Just use echo $(cd ../ && pwd) while working in the directory whose parent dir you want to find out. This chain also has the added benefit of not having trailing slashes.

Upvotes: 39

Kaustubh
Kaustubh

Reputation: 653

use this : export MYVAR="$(dirname "$(dirname "$(dirname "$(dirname $PWD)")")")" if you want 4th parent directory

export MYVAR="$(dirname "$(dirname "$(dirname $PWD)")")" if you want 3rd parent directory

export MYVAR="$(dirname "$(dirname $PWD)")" if you want 2nd parent directory

Upvotes: 0

Andreas Spindler
Andreas Spindler

Reputation: 8120

...but what is "seen here" is broken. Here's the fix:

> pwd
/home/me
> x='Om Namah Shivaya'
> mkdir "$x" && cd "$x"
/home/me/Om Namah Shivaya
> parentdir="$(dirname "$(pwd)")"
> echo $parentdir
/home/me

Upvotes: 21

Jon Egeland
Jon Egeland

Reputation: 12613

If /home/smith/Desktop/Test/../ is what you want:

dirname 'path/to/child/dir'

as seen here.

Upvotes: 10

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