CODEWITHSUNDEEP
unixpowershellcommand
DevelopingChris
DevelopingChris

Reputation: 40788

Equivalent of *Nix 'which' command in PowerShell?

How do I ask PowerShell where something is?

For instance, "which notepad" and it returns the directory where the notepad.exe is run from according to the current paths.

Upvotes: 519

Views: 154704

Answers (18)

Michael
Michael

Reputation: 11904

It's better to wrap where.exe into the function so that it takes binary as command line argument and put the function into $PROFILE. Also, to find the directory where the binary is located, it's better to use where.exe over (Get-Command $binary).Source method.

Why? Let's consider (Get-Command $binary).Source where $binary matches an alias already written in $PROFILE like, say, New-Alias curl C:\curl-7.81.0-win64-mingw\bin\curl.exe (because you want to use the curl installed by yourself, not the one in system32). Then the (Get-Command curl).Source will output nothing. Moreover, even (Get-Command curl.exe).Source will only output the path to system32:

C:\Windows\System32\curl.exe

when where.exe curl output looks like this:

C:\Windows\System32\curl.exe
C:\curl-7.81.0-win64-mingw\bin\curl.exe

The same is for default PowerShell aliases, such as where. The expected output of (Get-Command where).Source or (Get-Command where).Definition would be C:\Windows\System32\where.exe but it just returns nothing instead and "Where-Object" respectively.

So, the code to add into the $PROFILE:

function Find-Binary($binary) {
    $location = where.exe $binary 2>$null
    Write-Output $location
}

New-Alias wi Find-Binary

wi is short for whereis

Then use it like this:

wi your_binary

or

Find-Binary your_binary

Upvotes: 0

rayiik
rayiik

Reputation: 139

There also always the option of using which. there are actually three ways to access which from Windows powershell

  • The first, (though not the best) is wsl(windows subsystem for linux)
wsl -e which command

This requires installation of windows subsystem for Linux and a running distro.

  • Next is gnuwin32 which is a port of several gnu binaries in .exe format as standle alone bundled lanunchers

  • Third, install msys2 (cross compiler platform) if you go where it installed in /usr/bin you'll find many many gnu utils that are more up-to-date. most of them work as stand alone exe and can be copied from the bin folder to your home drive somewhere amd added to your PATH.

Upvotes: -1

rayiik
rayiik

Reputation: 139

There also always the option of using which. there are actually three ways to access which from Windows powershell, the first (not necessarily the best) wsl -e which command (this requires installation of windows subsystem for Linux and a running distro). B. gnuwin32 which is a port of several gnu binaries in .exe format as standle alone bundled lanunchers option three, install msys2 (cross compiler platform) if you go where it installed in /usr/bin you'll find many many gnu utils that are more up-to-date. most of them work as stand alone exe and can be copied from the bin folder to your home drive somewhere amd added to your PATH.

Upvotes: 1

js2010
js2010

Reputation: 27423

I like Get-Command | Format-List, or shorter, using aliases for the two and only for powershell.exe:

gcm powershell | fl

You can find aliases like this:

alias -definition Format-List

Tab completion works with gcm.

To have tab list all options at once:

set-psreadlineoption -editmode emacs

Upvotes: 8

blenderfreaky
blenderfreaky

Reputation: 768

If you have scoop you can install a direct clone of which:

scoop install which
which notepad

Upvotes: 0

Jeff Zeitlin
Jeff Zeitlin

Reputation: 10799

I have this which advanced function in my PowerShell profile:

    function which {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Identifies the source of a PowerShell command.
    .DESCRIPTION
    Identifies the source of a PowerShell command. External commands (Applications) are identified by the path to the executable
    (which must be in the system PATH); cmdlets and functions are identified as such and the name of the module they are defined in
    provided; aliases are expanded and the source of the alias definition is returned.
    .INPUTS
    No inputs; you cannot pipe data to this function.
    .OUTPUTS
    .PARAMETER Name
    The name of the command to be identified.
    .EXAMPLE
    PS C:\Users\Smith\Documents> which Get-Command
    
    Get-Command: Cmdlet in module Microsoft.PowerShell.Core
    
    (Identifies type and source of command)
    .EXAMPLE
    PS C:\Users\Smith\Documents> which notepad
    
    C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\notepad.exe
    
    (Indicates the full path of the executable)
    #>
        param(
        [String]$name
        )
    
        $cmd = Get-Command $name
        $redirect = $null
        switch ($cmd.CommandType) {
            "Alias"          { "{0}: Alias for ({1})" -f $cmd.Name, (. { which $cmd.Definition } ) }
            "Application"    { $cmd.Source }
            "Cmdlet"         { "{0}: {1} {2}" -f $cmd.Name, $cmd.CommandType, (. { if ($cmd.Source.Length) { "in module {0}" -f $cmd.Source} else { "from unspecified source" } } ) }
            "Function"       { "{0}: {1} {2}" -f $cmd.Name, $cmd.CommandType, (. { if ($cmd.Source.Length) { "in module {0}" -f $cmd.Source} else { "from unspecified source" } } ) }
            "Workflow"       { "{0}: {1} {2}" -f $cmd.Name, $cmd.CommandType, (. { if ($cmd.Source.Length) { "in module {0}" -f $cmd.Source} else { "from unspecified source" } } ) }
            "ExternalScript" { $cmd.Source }
            default          { $cmd }
        }
    }

Upvotes: 1

George Ogden
George Ogden

Reputation: 815

You can install the which command from https://goprogram.co.uk/software/commands, along with all of the other UNIX commands.

Upvotes: 0

Chris F Carroll
Chris F Carroll

Reputation: 12370

A quick-and-dirty match to Unix which is

New-Alias which where.exe

But it returns multiple lines if they exist so then it becomes

function which {where.exe command | select -first 1}

Upvotes: 11

Amin Ya
Amin Ya

Reputation: 1938

If you want a comamnd that both accepts input from pipeline or as paramater, you should try this:

function which($name) {
    if ($name) { $input = $name }
    Get-Command $input | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path
}

copy-paste the command to your profile (notepad $profile).

Examples:

❯ echo clang.exe | which
C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin\clang.exe

❯ which clang.exe
C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin\clang.exe

Upvotes: 2

VortiFred
VortiFred

Reputation: 131

My proposition for the Which function:

function which($cmd) { get-command $cmd | % { $_.Path } }

PS C:\> which devcon

C:\local\code\bin\devcon.exe

Upvotes: 13

Jerome
Jerome

Reputation: 190

Use:

function Which([string] $cmd) {
  $path = (($Env:Path).Split(";") | Select -uniq | Where { $_.Length } | Where { Test-Path $_ } | Get-ChildItem -filter $cmd).FullName
  if ($path) { $path.ToString() }
}

# Check if Chocolatey is installed
if (Which('cinst.bat')) {
  Write-Host "yes"
} else {
  Write-Host "no"
}

Or this version, calling the original where command.

This version also works better, because it is not limited to bat files:

function which([string] $cmd) {
  $where = iex $(Join-Path $env:SystemRoot "System32\where.exe $cmd 2>&1")
  $first = $($where -split '[\r\n]')
  if ($first.getType().BaseType.Name -eq 'Array') {
    $first = $first[0]
  }
  if (Test-Path $first) {
    $first
  }
}

# Check if Curl is installed
if (which('curl')) {
  echo 'yes'
} else {
  echo 'no'
}

Upvotes: 0

Anonymous
Anonymous

Reputation: 37

Try the where command on Windows 2003 or later (or Windows 2000/XP if you've installed a Resource Kit).

BTW, this received more answers in other questions:

Is there an equivalent of 'which' on Windows?

PowerShell equivalent to Unix which command?

Upvotes: 2

tzot
tzot

Reputation: 95921

Check this PowerShell Which.

The code provided there suggests this:

($Env:Path).Split(";") | Get-ChildItem -filter notepad.exe

Upvotes: 3

Nicholas
Nicholas

Reputation: 576

This seems to do what you want (I found it on http://huddledmasses.org/powershell-find-path/):

Function Find-Path($Path, [switch]$All = $false, [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.TestPathType]$type = "Any")
## You could comment out the function stuff and use it as a script instead, with this line:
#param($Path, [switch]$All = $false, [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.TestPathType]$type = "Any")
   if($(Test-Path $Path -Type $type)) {
      return $path
   } else {
      [string[]]$paths = @($pwd);
      $paths += "$pwd;$env:path".split(";")

      $paths = Join-Path $paths $(Split-Path $Path -leaf) | ? { Test-Path $_ -Type $type }
      if($paths.Length -gt 0) {
         if($All) {
            return $paths;
         } else {
            return $paths[0]
         }
      }
   }
   throw "Couldn't find a matching path of type $type"
}
Set-Alias find Find-Path

Upvotes: 3

halr9000
halr9000

Reputation: 10019

The very first alias I made once I started customizing my profile in PowerShell was 'which'.

New-Alias which get-command

To add this to your profile, type this:

"`nNew-Alias which get-command" | add-content $profile

The `n at the start of the last line is to ensure it will start as a new line.

Upvotes: 512

thesqldev
thesqldev

Reputation: 451

Try this example:

(Get-Command notepad.exe).Path

Upvotes: 45

petrsnd
petrsnd

Reputation: 6136

Here is an actual *nix equivalent, i.e. it gives *nix-style output.

Get-Command <your command> | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Definition

Just replace with whatever you're looking for.

PS C:\> Get-Command notepad.exe | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Definition
C:\Windows\system32\notepad.exe

When you add it to your profile, you will want to use a function rather than an alias because you can't use aliases with pipes:

function which($name)
{
    Get-Command $name | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Definition
}

Now, when you reload your profile you can do this:

PS C:\> which notepad
C:\Windows\system32\notepad.exe

Upvotes: 206

David Mohundro
David Mohundro

Reputation: 12402

I usually just type:

gcm notepad

or

gcm note*

gcm is the default alias for Get-Command.

On my system, gcm note* outputs:

[27] » gcm note*

CommandType     Name                                                     Definition
-----------     ----                                                     ----------
Application     notepad.exe                                              C:\WINDOWS\notepad.exe
Application     notepad.exe                                              C:\WINDOWS\system32\notepad.exe
Application     Notepad2.exe                                             C:\Utils\Notepad2.exe
Application     Notepad2.ini                                             C:\Utils\Notepad2.ini

You get the directory and the command that matches what you're looking for.

Upvotes: 118

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