Add pie chart in a bar graph

Question

My goal is to create a bar graph of categorical variables and then add a pie chart inside it as shown in the attached image.

my data is the same as in the image and is below:

#For bar grapgh  
chromosomes = c("1A", "1B", "1D", "2A", "2B", "2D", "3A", "3B", "3D", "4A","4B","4D","5A","5B","5D","6A","6B","6D","7A","7B","7D")
Frequency = c(668, 752, 213, 826, 948, 334, 625, 834, 264, 488, 391, 136, 745, 917, 234, 543, 848, 182, 901, 740, 241)
data_bar <- data.frame(chromosomes, Frequency)

#For pie chart
Genome = c("A","B","D")
Count = c(4796, 5430, 1604)
data_pie <- data.frame(Genome, Count)

I will highly appreciate if anyone can guide me or direct me towards where I can find the answers

Answer 1

Here's a ggplot2 solution:

pie <- ggplot(data_pie, aes(x = 1, y = Count, fill = Genome)) + 
  geom_col(color = "black") + 
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("red2", "forestgreen", "dodgerblue3")) + 
  coord_polar(theta = "y") + 
  theme_void() + 
  theme(legend.position = "none")

 ggplot(data_bar) +
  geom_col(aes(chromosomes, Frequency, fill = substr(chromosomes, 2, 2)),
           color = "black", width = 0.5) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("red2", "forestgreen", "dodgerblue3")) +
   theme_classic() +
   theme(legend.position = "none") +
   annotation_custom(ggplotGrob(pie), xmin = "2B", xmax = "6A", ymin = 500)

Answer 2

Using only base R functions, please see the code below:

## Your data ---------------------------------
#For bar grapgh  
chromosomes = c("1A", "1B", "1D", "2A", "2B", "2D", "3A", "3B", "3D", "4A","4B","4D","5A","5B","5D","6A","6B","6D","7A","7B","7D")
Frequency = c(668, 752, 213, 826, 948, 334, 625, 834, 264, 488, 391, 136, 745, 917, 234, 543, 848, 182, 901, 740, 241)

#For pie chart
Genome = c("A","B","D")
Count = c(4796, 5430, 1604)

## One idea to start with --------------------

plot.new()
par(mfrow = c(2, 1), # set the layout, you might also consider layout() or split.screen() as suggested in ?par
    mar=c(4, 4, 1, 1), # this set up give enough space to see axis labels and titles
    oma=c(0, 0, 0, 0)) # remove outer margins
pie(Count, labels = Genome)
barplot(Frequency~chromosomes)

Output:

I think it is possible to make it look cleaner adjusting par() arguments but I am not very familiar with them. There are also packages cowplot and gridExtra that works nicely with ggplot2.